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At the middle year 2020 ，there is an outbreak that causes patients to have fever，cough ，and...

At the middle year 2020 ，there is an outbreak that causes patients to have fever，cough ，and breath difficulty. Discuss how methods in DNA recombinant technology can be applied to identify X virus that causes the recent outbreak. Based on a flowchart, explain steps involved accordingly and in details. (10marks)

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In the middle of the year, 2020 ，there is an outbreak that causes patients to have fever，cough ，and breath difficulty. The virus is named as Corona and has become a pandemic in the world. COVID-19 affects the respiratory system in humans. Real-time RT-PCR is widely used to detect COVID-19. Below is the flowchart for the real-time RT-PCR method for detecting COVID-19.

Collection of the sample from the nose or throat from the infected patient > From the sample fats, proteins and other impurities are removed by chemical treatment so that only the RNA can be extracted. The extracted RNA has both the genetic material, that is it has RNA of the patient and RNA of the virus (if present) >  The extracted RNA is reverse transcribed with reverse transcriptase enzyme to DNA > Then short DNA fragments are added that are complementary to some particular section or part of viral transcribed DNA. These short DNA fragments get attached to the viral DNA sequence if present and become double-stranded DNA > Then some other genetic fragments are added which helps in forming the double-stranded DNA and some markers are added to detect the virus > all these mixtures are added to RT-PCR machine where the temperature and number of cycles are set > now when the amplified DNA is analyzed in a computer the viral DNA where the markers get attached emits a fluorescence color which is monitored while the PCR is running(real-time monitoring) > The amount of fluorescence and the number of cycles needed to generate that fluorescence confirms the presence of COVID-19 and the severity of the infection.   

gladiator answered 1 year ago
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