Question

1.) Ibu, a 39-year-old busy dad of three kids, finally gets the time to relax one lazy Sunday afternoon. Ibu is feeling tired but figures he is run-down from the busy week. Within just a few hours, Ibu finds himself laying in bed with chills and the onset of a fever. Ibu works at a hospital and wonders if he has contracted the virus which causes COVID-19.

1a.) What type of second line of defense non-specific immune cell is going to communicate with the third line of defense to help fight Ibu’s viral infection? (1p)

1b.) List the major third line of defense specific lymphocytes and their functions in fighting off Ibu’s viral infection. (3pts)

Third Line of Defense Lymphocytes	Functions

1c.) Fill in the blanks. A cytotoxic T cell will bind to the SARS-CoV-2 epitope presented on MHC I found on ___________ host cells. (1p)

1d. ) Which type of third line of defense specific lymphocyte is required to help “activate” the cytotoxic T cell (Th1 or Th2)? (1p)

1e.) Fill in the blanks. B cells will phagocytize and present the epitope on _______ (MHC I or MHC II) and become active through costimulation from _______ (Th1 or Th2) (T cell dependent activation). (1pt)

1f.) Which three major antibodies are produced by plasma B cells in response to Ibu’s viral infection? State where they are found in the body. (3pts)

Antibodies	Where they are found in the body

1g.) Compare and contrast what Ibu’s immune response to the virus would look like with and without a vaccine. (4pts)

	With Vaccination	Without Vaccination
Speed of Immune Response (faster OR slower)
Production of Antibodies (more OR less)
2nd Line of defense Cells (all OR none) Hint: Is your 2nd line of defense always on patrol?
3rd Line of defense Cells (memory OR plasma)

Answer 1

1.a basophils.It produce some chemicals such as histamine which help to activates the third line immune systems.

1 b.T lymphocyte and B lymphocytes.T Lymphocytes identified the antigen affected cells and destroy the cells.B lymphocytes are produced antibodies for particular antigens.

1c. T cell receptors

1d.helper T cells help CTL actvities.MainlyTh1 is more supportive case in viruses and bacteria

1e.MHC1 and Th1

1f.IgA,IgD,IgG.Almost these antibodies present in the blood plasma and lymph

1,g.    with vaccine                                                       without vaccine

        speed                                                                          slow

        more                                                                          less

       all                                                                                 all

       memory                                                                   plasma