In: Biology
..... The concentration of three different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, associated with three different amino acids, are found in much lower than normal concentrations in the cytosol of an animal cell. In your own words, describe how this may impact the rate of A) translation, and B) the citric acid cycle. Explain your reasoning for each. Please clearly label your responses as A) and B).
A) amino acyl tRNA synthetase is required or responsible for formation of amino acyl tRNA molecule. These amino acyl tRNA transfer the amino acids to the growing peptide chain in translation. So if concentration of the three amino acyl tRNA synthetase are found to be much lower than there will be decreased amino acyl tRNA will be formed. So this will slow down the rate of translation in the cell. As amino acid required for translation will reach at a slow rate due to decrease activity of amino acyl tRNA synthetase.
B) charging of tRNA by amino acyl tRNA synthetase is energy consuming process. As well as translation is also requires energy. So in case of decrease amount of amino acyl tRNA synthetase, there will be decrease charging of tRNA so less ATP will be utilized. Along with this , translation will also be slowed down this further decrease ATP utilization. As ATP is an important regulator of TCA. High energy status signal ATP decreases the rate of TCA. As cell already gas the energy so there will be less requirement of energy formed by Citric acid cycle.