The main function of tRNA is to * Identify amino acids and transport/ carries them to...

The main function of tRNA is to *
Identify amino acids and transport/ carries them to ribosomes
Induce the ribosome translocation
Inhibit protein synthesis
Catalyze the peptide bonds between two amino acids

Expert Solution

During translation, tRNA carries amino acid to the ribosome, by matching anticodons to codons in mRNA.
The secondary structure of tRNA form the clover leaf structure with the anticodon arm having complementary nucleotides for base pairing with codons in mRNA.
The first aminoacyl tRNA is located in the P-site and second in the A site.
The enzyme aminoacyl tRNA synthetases help in binding of amino acid to the t-RNA to form aminoacyl tRNA.
The reaction includes ATP interacting with amino acid (AA) to release AMP-AA and provides energy for the bond formation.
The AMP-AA then binds to t-RNA forming aminoacyl tRNA.
The specific pairing of codon with corresponding anti-codon, is mediated by the proof-reading activity of the aminoacyl tRNA synthetases.
This is possible due to highly specific nature of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase enzyme.
Each of the enzymes specifically recognize the 20 amino acids.
Thus, aminoacyl tRNA synthetases play a major role in protein synthesis
In prokaryotes like bacteria, the initiator amino acid is the N-f-methionine, but in eukaryotes, it is the normal methionine.
Three nucleotides in t-RNA corresponds to triplet codons of mRNA.
Translation starts from start codon (AUG) and ends at stop codon (UAA, UAG,UGA).
Ribosomes also have catalytic activity as ribozyme.
During translation, peptidyl transferase activity helps in formation of petide bond.
23S rRNA has peptidyl transferase activity.

Answer: Identify amino acids and transport/ carries them to ribosomes

gladiator answered 1 year ago

In bacteria, the transport of many nutrients, including sugars and amino acids, is driven by the...

In bacteria, the transport of many nutrients, including sugars and amino acids, is driven by the electrochemical H+ gradient across the plasma membrane. In E. coli, for example, an H+–lactose symporter mediates the active transport of the sugar lactose into the cell. Given what you know about coupled transport, which is likely true of the H+–lactose symporter?Choose one: A. If the H+ gradient were reversed, the transporter could serve as an H+–lactose antiport. B. The transporter oscillates randomly between states...

..... The concentration of three different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, associated with three different amino acids, are found...

..... The concentration of three different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, associated with three different amino acids, are found in much lower than normal concentrations in the cytosol of an animal cell. In your own words, describe how this may impact the rate of A) translation, and B) the citric acid cycle. Explain your reasoning for each. Please clearly label your responses as A) and B).

1. Which type of bonding is catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetases to form between amino acids and tRNAs?...

1. Which type of bonding is catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetases to form between amino acids and tRNAs? Select one: A. Hydrogen bond B. Salt bridge C. Peptide bond D. Ester bond E. Glycosidic bond 2.What is added to methionine when it is used as the start codon? Select one: A. Phosphate B. Formyl C. N-acetyl D. Sulphate E. rRNA 3. In translation (initiation, elongation and termination), the energy source is provided by ______. Select one: A. ATP B. TTP C. GTP...

You mix all the required elements for translation, charged tRNA with amino acids, ribosomal subunits, and mRNA etc.

You mix all the required elements for translation, charged tRNA with amino acids, ribosomal subunits, and mRNA etc., in a test tube. Given that the mRNA has the following sequence, what is/are the polypeptide(s) that could be produced (ignore the lack of start and stop codons) 5' - AGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGCAGC-3" A. Poly-Ser. B. Poly-Gin. C. Poly-Arg. D. Poly-Met. E. Multiple of the above would be produced.

5. Briefly explain how aminoacyl tRNA synthases produces activated amino acids. 6. Explain the difference in...

5. Briefly explain how aminoacyl tRNA synthases produces activated amino acids. 6. Explain the difference in polycistronic and monocistronic mRNAs. 7. Briefly explain the initiation phase of translation. 8. How does the termination of translation occur?

The 21st and 22nd amino acids found in proteins are the rare amino acids ______________ and...

The 21st and 22nd amino acids found in proteins are the rare amino acids ______________ and ______________. ________________ are nonviral genetic elements that have reverse transcriptase activity. An example of retrotransposons in the human genome is the ____ family of sequences.

DNA strand mRNA tRNA from Figure 2 Amino Acids (number and name) from Figure 3 pg...

DNA strand mRNA tRNA from Figure 2 Amino Acids (number and name) from Figure 3 pg 80 C C T G G A C C U 4 Glycine G A A G G T A C G T T A G T T G A C A T G A C G

What is the role of amino-acyl-tRNA-synthetases?

name the 20 amino acids, what makes them different from one another?

Two of the facts which differentiate lipids and carbohydrates from amino acids are that, amino acids...

Two of the facts which differentiate lipids and carbohydrates from amino acids are that, amino acids can neither be stored nor excreted. true false A baby got sick a few weeks after birth and test results show that the baby had higher than normal levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. Which of the following best describes the baby's probable diagnosis? The baby has maple syrup disease The baby has PKU More lab test are needed to confirm the cause malady...

Question