Question

Academic research paper about alternative healing modalities through the lens of their respective liberal studies concentration.

Need an introduction, a brief literature review, method of analysis, and results/discussion sections.

Base on the Black Baptist church cultural background, social position, values of Middle income

Answer 1

#. The Contribution of Complementary and Alternative Medicine to Reduce Antibiotic Use: A Narrative Review of Health Concepts, Prevention, and Treatment Strategies.

1. Introduction

Resistance to antibiotics is a complex and growing, international public health problem [1, 2]. Worldwide strategies to control antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and its major consequences (increased mortality, economic impact) are being developed [3, 4]. Currently these strategies appear to be insufficient, as, for example, demonstrated by the unchanged average European consumption rates of antibiotics during the years 2011–2014 [4], although in the UK in 2015 for the first time fewer antibiotics were being prescribed by GPs and clinicians across all healthcare settings than in 2014 [5].

Among others, finding alternatives for antibiotics [2, 6], alone or as part of a delayed prescription approach, may provide a good strategy to optimize appropriate use of antibiotics, meeting both doctors’ and patients’ needs [7–9]. Alternative nonantibiotic strategies (for symptom relief and/or fighting bacteria) that are currently being studied are, among others, phage therapy, antibodies, immune stimulation, lysins, probiotics, and peptides [2].

At the moment, formal policies advising on the need for alternative strategies to antibiotics do not include the study and/or application of complementary and alternative (CAM) therapies for symptom relief and/or treatment of infections and CAM preventive strategies to reduce the use of antibiotics, although observational studies in Europe have shown that CAM practices and hospitals may have lower antibiotic prescription rates compared to conventional practices [10], due to additional strategies regarding prevention and treatment of infections [11]. In this article we use the term CAM, although elsewhere terms as traditional and complementary medicine [12] or complementary and integrative medicine [13] are used.

Given the mismatch between the urgent need for nonantibiotic strategies and the lack of use of CAM strategies embedded in current conventional policies and clinical practice, we performed a narrative review to determine what is known about the contribution of CAM to help reduce antibiotic use.

2. Material and Methods

2.1. Research Questions

(1) What are the worldview differences between CAM and conventional medicine, relevant for prevention and treatment of infections and the AMR problem?

(2) What are the hypothesized CAM contributions to reduce antibiotic use?

(3) Is there evidence

(a) that supports the proposition that CAM prevention and treatment strategies can lead to the prescription and consumption of fewer antibiotics?

(b) that CAM prevention and treatment strategies are effective and safe?

2.2. Design

We chose to perform a narrative review based on (1) searches in three databases with a specific, limited set of search terms and (2) input from CAM (research) experts, in order to get a first broad overview of the domain of (possible) contributions of CAM to reduce antibiotic use. Based on the results of this broad narrative review, more methodologically rigorous scoping reviews and/or systematic reviews on subareas of this scientific field can and must be performed.

Results :-