Question

In: Biology

Even though actinobacteria are high G + C organisms, there are regions of the genome that...

Even though actinobacteria are high G + C organisms, there are regions of the genome that are AT-rich. Suggest a few such regions and explain why they must be more AT-rich.

Solutions

Expert Solution

ANS: GC-content (or guanine-cytosine content) is the percentage of nitrogenous bases in a DNA or RNA molecule that are either guanine (G) or cytosine (C).[1] This measure indicates the proportion of G and C bases out of an implied four total bases, also including adenine and thymine in DNA and adenine and uracil in RNA.

GC-content may be given for a certain fragment of DNA or RNA or for an entire genome. When it refers to a fragment, it may denote the GC-content of an individual gene or section of a gene (domain), a group of genes or gene clusters, a non-coding region, or a synthetic oligonucleotide such as a primer.

Actinobacteria constitute one of the largest phyla among Bacteria and represent gram-positive bacteria with a high G+C content in their DNA. This bacterial group includes microorganisms exhibiting a wide spectrum of morphologies, from coccoid to fragmenting hyphal forms, as well as possessing highly variable physiological and metabolic properties. Furthermore, Actinobacteria members have adopted different lifestyles, and can be pathogens (e.g., Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Tropheryma, and Propionibacterium), soil inhabitants (Streptomyces), plant commensals (Leifsonia), or gastrointestinal commensals (Bifidobacterium). The divergence of Actinobacteria from other bacteria is ancient, making it impossible to identify the phylogenetically closest bacterial group to Actinobacteria. Genome sequence analysis has revolutionized every aspect of bacterial biology by enhancing the understanding of the genetics, physiology, and evolutionary development of bacteria.


Related Solutions

To stay alive, all organisms must keep their biological systems stable even though they live in...
To stay alive, all organisms must keep their biological systems stable even though they live in a changing, and sometimes life-threatening, environment. To maintain this stability, organisms continually monitor and respond to changes in the environment. The internal stability that organisms maintain is known homeostasis. Homeostasis sometimes appears with the words dynamic equilibrium or steady state. These terms all involve the idea of “a constant balance.” If an organism’s monitoring systems fail, disease or even death can result. Diseases in...
Biologists use a sequence of the letters A, C, T, and G to model a genome....
Biologists use a sequence of the letters A, C, T, and G to model a genome. A gene is a substring of a genome that starts after a triplet ATG and ends before a triplet TAG, TAA, or TGA. Furthermore, the length of a gene string is a multiple of 3, and the gene does not contain any of the triplets ATG, TAG, TAA, or TGA. Write a program that prompts the user to enter a genome and displays all...
even though the great recession officially ended, the unemployment rate is still considered high. discuss
even though the great recession officially ended, the unemployment rate is still considered high. discuss
2."Even though the Great Recession officially ended, the unemployment rate is still considered high." Discuss.
2."Even though the Great Recession officially ended, the unemployment rate is still considered high." Discuss.
The genome of an organism was analyzed and provided the following: 17%A, 23%G, 32%C, 0%T, and...
The genome of an organism was analyzed and provided the following: 17%A, 23%G, 32%C, 0%T, and 28%U. This organism is likely: A virus A virus or a bacterium A bacterium A bacterium or a eukaryote A eukaryote It cannot be calculated based on that number alone
Which do you suppose is likely to contain more G-C pairings in the genome versus more...
Which do you suppose is likely to contain more G-C pairings in the genome versus more A-T pairings. A) An organism living in your throat (37 C) B) An organsim living in hot springs (55 C) Choose one and explain why.
The product offers life protection, savings and even has investment component. Even though it runs for...
The product offers life protection, savings and even has investment component. Even though it runs for a specified period, life assurance companies are flexible to extend cover so that they make sure that money became available to the policyholders dependents on their death. Identify and describe the variations under this product.                            [25 marks]
Even though a company is run in accordance with the wishes of the majority shareholders, it...
Even though a company is run in accordance with the wishes of the majority shareholders, it does not mean that the majority shareholders can pass resolutions at will. The law will protect minority shareholders when their interests are affected. The most important question, however, is whether existing laws to protect minority shareholders are sufficient. Equally important is whether minority shareholders play an active role in monitoring the company's operations, namely shareholder activism. Discuss and critically examine the above statements. Include...
Is it important for a company to follow a strict budget even though they may be...
Is it important for a company to follow a strict budget even though they may be experiencing phenomenal profits? Do you think that there will be a bias towards greed when creating the budget for this company? Explain. How does management greed influence budget decisions?
Is it important for a company to follow a strict budget even though they may be...
Is it important for a company to follow a strict budget even though they may be experiencing phenomenal profits? Do you think that there will be a bias towards greed when creating the budget for this company? Explain. How does management greed influence budget decisions? Please consider each of the questions separately in this post. It is important for you to understand the value of the budget as a blueprint for the business – even in times of exceptional “good...
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT