In: Biology
Metabolic Pathway |
Input |
Output (and where output goes next, if it does) |
Glycolysis leading to Respiration (EMP pathway) |
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Fermentation |
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Prep-Step |
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Krebs Cycle Aka: Citric Acid Cycle, TCA cycle |
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Electron Transport Chain |
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Lipid catabolism (glycerol portion) |
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Lipid catabolism (fatty acid portion) |
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Protein catabolism |
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Photosynthesis (Cyclic Light-Dependent Reactions) |
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Photosynthesis (Noncyclic Light-Dependent reactions) |
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Photosynthesis (Light Independent Reactions) Aka: Calvin-Benson Cycle |
Pathway/ metabolite |
Glycolysis |
Prep step |
Krebs |
ETC |
Fermentation |
Calvin-Benson cycle |
Glucose 6-Phosphate |
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G3P |
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3-phosphoglyceric acid |
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Pyruvic acid |
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Acetyl-CoA |
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Oxaloacetic acid |
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Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) |
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Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) |
Metabolic pathway | Input | output and its fate |
Glycolysis | Glucose | pyruvate enters Kreb's cycle |
Fermentation | Carbohydrates |
lactic acid (animals), ethanol and glycerol (yeast) Fate is further aerobic oxidation. |
Prep-step of Kreb's cycle | pyruvate |
Acetyl CoA This can either enter TCA cycle or can be utilized for fatty acid synthesis. |
TCA cycle/ citric acid cycle/ kreb's cycle | Acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate |
oxaloacetate Can be reused in TCA cycle or can be converted to glucose by gluconeogenesis. |
Electron transport chain | NADH/ FADH2 / NADPH | ATP utilized for energy andin several adenylation reactions |
Lipid catabolism (Glycerol portion) | glycerol is freed by beta oxidation of triglyceride | glycerol is utilized for fatty acid synthesis |
Lipid catabolism (fattyacid portion) |
saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, all types of lipids | acetyl CoA and other branched substances like phosphate residue, galactose from cerebroside, depending on the lipid catabolized |
Protein catabolism | Protein |
oligopeptides, dipeptides, aminoacids. Aminoacids are reused for protein synthesis or enter gluconeogenesis |
Photosynthesis (cyclic light dependent reactions) | electron transport only in photosystem I | ATP |
Photosynthesis (light dependent noncyclic reactions) | electron transport in photosystem II and photosystem I | 1 molecule of ATP and 1 molecule of NADPH per electron pair |
Photosynthesis, light independent reaction: Calvin cycle | 3 ribulose 1,5-bis phosphate + 3 CO2 + 6ATP + 6NADPH | 3ribulose 1,5- bis phosphate+ 1 glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate (this is converted to carbohydrate) |
Pathway/ metabolite | glycolysis | prep-step | Kreb's cycle | ETC | Fermentation | Calvin cycle |
Glucose-6-phosphate | produced by hexokinase in glycogenesis pathway and after a series of reactions finally converted to glycogen | |||||
G3P (glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate) | produced as an intermediate in glycolysis and isomerised to dihydroxy acetone phosphate. Finally fated to pyruvate | 8 ATP are produced from glycolysis | fermentation product is lactic acid |
G3P is an intermediate. In every cycle, 1 molecule is used for glucose synthesis while others are used for regeneration of RuBP. |
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3-phospho glyceric acid | An intermediate in glycolytic pathway which is finally converted to pyruvate | fermentation product is lactic acid | An intermediate formed by the carboxylation of ribulose bis phosphate | |||
Pyruvic acid | Final product of glycolysis which is converted either to lactic acid or to acetyl CoA | pyruvate is oxidatively decarboxylated to acetyl CoA | complete oxidation in ETC produces 15 ATP molecules | This anaerobic oxidation produces lactic acid | ||
Acetyl CoA | Product formed from pyruvate | substrate for TCA cycle | Produces 15 molecules of ATP in one cycle | |||
Oxaloacetic acid | final product of TCA cycle | |||||
Dihydroxy acetone phosphate ---------------------Ribulose bis phosphate (RuBP) |
DHAP is one intermediate, 3 carbon compound in glycolysis ----------------- |
DHAP on Complete oxidation produces 8 molecules of ATP in glycolysis------------- |
DHAP finally produces lactic acid ----------------- |
-----------------RuBP is the substrate for calvin cycle and |