Question

Create a table that shows the relationships between monomers, polymers, and types of bonds, for sugars, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids.

Write two well-composed, logical sentences for each of the four molecules above. Write one sentence for dehydration reactions, and one sentence for hydrolysis reactions.

Answer 1

Sugar- As the name suggests they are sweet in nature. Sugars are long-chain carbohydrates that are made up of mainly carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. The monomeric units are known as monosaccharides. These monosaccharides join to each other to form disaccharides and eventually polysaccharides. They join together by the formation of a glycosidic linkage.

Proteins - Proteins are composed of a group of amino acids that are linked to each other by peptide bonds to form up long peptides and these peptides fold to form proteins. Proteins are important biomolecules that are in heavy demand for the body especially muscles. Hence they are the macronutrients.

Nucleic Acids- Nucleic acids are mainly DNA and RNA that compose the genetic material for all living organisms. They are made up of nitrogenous, sugars, and phosphates which makeup a nucleotide. The nucleotides join together by phosphodiester linkage and for a spiral structure.

Lipids- Lipids are long chain of fatty acids and glycerol. They are also an important biomolecule that compose the membrane layer of the cell. Lipids are soluble ein non-polar solvents.

Dehydration reaction- This is a type of recaction where water molecule is removed from the reacting molecule(s) to form a product.

Hydrolysis reaction- As the name Hydro(water) and Lysis(Breakdown), this reaction uses water molecule to break the reactants into products