Question

A developmental psychologist who wanted to know if children who started walking earlier performed better in school divided 30 children into Early, Middle, and Late Walkers. At the end of the second grade, the psychologist computed a composite performance score based on teachers' reports and found no overall difference between the groups: Early M = 2.94 (SD = .61); Middle M = 2.84 (SD = .70); Late M = 2.77 (SD = .64); F (2, 27) = .86, p = ns. Interpret this finding for a person who understands the t test for independent means but who is unfamiliar with the analysis of variance.

Answer 1

ANSWER:;

Given-

	Early walker	Middle walker	Late walker
N	10	10	10
M	2.94	2.84	2.77
SD	0.61	0.70	0.64

1. Between-group early walker and middle walker-

df= (N1-1)+(N2-1)

df= (10-1)+(10-1)

df= 9+9

df= 18

Result is showing (t= 0.33, df= 18). It means there is no significant difference in school performance between groups of early walkers and middle walkers.

2. Between-group middle walker and late walker -

SEM2=0.643

SEM2=0.21

df= (N1-1)+(N2-1)

df= (10-1)+(10-1)

df= 9+9

df= 18

Result is showing (t= 0.23, df= 18). It means there is no significant difference in school performance between groups of the middle walkers and late walkers.

3. Between-group early walker and late walker-

df= (N1-1)+(N2-1)

df= (10-1)+(10-1)

df= 9+9

df= 18

Result is showing (t= 0.51, df= 18). It means there is no significant difference in school performance between groups of the early walkers and late walkers.

** Results of ANOVA are also showing the same results. as given in above question F (2, 27) = .86, p = ns., differences among three groups are non- significant.

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