Question

describe Impact of Eradicating Smallpox

For the case study analysis is to be broken down into the following steps.

How is the Public Health Department integrated with the CDC and the FDA?

Identify the most important facts surrounding the case.

Identify the key issue or issues.

What the results and findings of the investigation.

Specify alternative courses of action

Answer 1

Link between FDA, CDC to public health department:-

FDA and CDC are similar agencies within the Department of Health and Human Services. Both of them work to protect the public health but have different statuary mandates and responsibilities.

Through the regulation of food, cosmetics, tobacco and medical products, FDA is responsible for protecting the public health.
FDA administers the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and relevant sections of the Public Health Service Act, among other statutes.

CDC is responsible for pcollaboration to create the expertise, information,and tools which people and communities need to protect their health through health promotion, prevention of disease, injury and disability, and preparedness for new health threats.

CDC's and FDA's missions to protect the public health may, sometimes, overlap in a variety of ways depending upon the subject matter. Each agency has a responsibility to work collaboratively to protect and improve public health.  

Timely sharing of information between CDC and
FDA is therefore critical to protecting the public health.

Important facts around the issue:-
Small pox was eradicated in the year 1979 , and 2020 marks a 40 years since this historic event.
In July 2018, the FDA approved tecovirimet for treatment of small pox.
Other drugs found to be effective against small pox are cidofovir and brincidofovir. Although these drugs have not been tested on people sick with small pox, they will be drugs of choice if an outbreak should ever occur of small pox.
In 1981 the committee on orthopox virus infections was established for the sole purpose of advising the WHO on the post small pox eradication policy in order to maintain the achievement of small pox eradication permanently. In 1990, the Ad Hoc committee for orthopox virus was set up to oversee small pox activities, especially relating to the cloning( later sequencing) of the variola virus genome, the retention of who stocks of small pox vaccine and seed vaccine virus sticks, and ultimately to oversee the destruction of the remaining stocks of variola virus.

The who commenced a fiver year programme to implement post eradication policies adopted by the world health assembly in resolution WHA33.4. this programme has been recommended by the global commission for the certification of small pox eradication and was designed both to allay the fears that smallpox might recuer and to provide full documentation fi the efforts.

Some of the recommendations were: discontinuation of small pox vaccination except for researchers at risk.
Continuation of monkeypox surveillance in West and Central Africa
Supervision of he consolidated, remaining global variola virus sticks and their use in high containment laboratories.
Effective epidemiological and surveillance with an international rumor registry and thorough investigation of all suspected small pox cases.

Most important factors that lead to eradication of small pox were:-

1. There is no latent or persistent infection.
2. No animal reservoir.
3. Clinical manifestations were typical and easily recognisable.
4. Vaccine was effective against all strains of virus.
5. Vaccine was potent, cost effective, efficacious, heat stable and was easily administered.