Question

A cause of macrocytic anemia is:

A. Iron deficiency

B. Antibodies against intrinsic factor

C. An enzyme deficiency

D. Inheritance of abnormal hemoglobin structure

       E. None of the above

2. In sickle cell disease, vassoocclusive crisis is the result of:

     

        A. Sequestration of large number of RBCs in the Spleen

        B. Damage to the platelets due to antibodies

        C. plugging of small blood vessels by sickle RBCs

        D. Treatment Drugs side effects

3. Localized out pouching of heart chamber is a /an:

         A. Thrombus

         B. Embolus

         C. Aneurysm

         D. Thromboembolism

4. Which of the following is not a risk factor in development of  atherosclerosis?

   A. Diabetes

   B. Smoking

   C. Hypertension

   D. Anemia

5. The current anabolic steroids used by some gym rats are LEAST LIKELY to give them:

1. bigger muscles
2. higher LDL
3. Lower HDL
4. Testicular enlargement

Answer 1

Ans1)A)iron deficiency.

Explaination:Macrocytic anaemia is a disorder caused by due to deficiency of iron in which RBCs enlarged in size because due to deficiency of iron haemoglobin level is low in RBCs so RBCs enlarged in order to perform function of oxygen transport.

Optionb, c, d are incorrect as there is no role of any enzyme, antibodies and abnormal inherited hb in macrocytic anaemia.

Ans2)c) plugging of small blood vessels by sickle RBCs.

Explaination: sickle cell anaemia is a result of point mutation in which in beta chain of hb sixth amino acid is replaced with valine instead of glutamic acid this leads to sickle shape of RBCs. Vassoocclusive crisis is very common symptom of sickle ce anaemia in which micro blood vessels become plugged due to sickle shape of RBCs.

Option a, band d are incorrect.

Sequestration of large number of RBCs in the Spleen is another symptom of sickle cell anaemia in child below 5 year age.

Damage to the platelets due to antibodies occur in immune thromocytopenia which is a autoimmune disorder.

Vasssocculosive crisis is due to  sickle cell disease not due to side effect due of theraupatic drug treatment.

Ans3)c) aneurysm

Explaination

Aneurysm is the localized out pouching of heart chamber .

Option b, c and d are incorrect.

Thrombus is a blood clot formed inside the vein and remain localised at that site while embolus is the small part of thrombus that break off from it and reaches to other site which have very narrow pore and this process of breaking off from thrombus to reach at other site is called thromboembolism.

Ans4)d)Anaemia

Explaination:

Risk factor of development of atherosclerosis are :

• Cholesterol
• Smoking
• Hypertension
• Diabetes
• Age and lack of  Exercise

Anaemia that is deficiency of hb is not a risk factor for development of atherosclerosis disorder.

Ans5)d) testicular enlargement

Explaination: Anabolic steroids leads to increase in muscle mass so resulting in bigger muscles.

Side effect of anabolic steroids leads to various cardiovascular disease because these steroids increases the low density lipid and decreases the high density lipid which causes atherosclerosis.

These steroids also causes hormonal imbalance which result in shrinkage of testis not enlargement so these steroids least likely to give rats testicular enlargement.