Question

21. Why does fat accumulate in the liver due to alcohol consumption? Select all that apply.

A. The accumulation of FADH2 activates fatty acid synthesis in the liver

B. The accumulation of NADH and inhibition of gluconeogenesis activate fatty acid synthesis in the liver

C. Excess glycogenolysis in the liver

D. The inhibition of gluconeogenesis activates fatty acid degradation in the liver

E. The accumulation of glucose in the liver leads to fatty acid synthesis

Please explain

Answer 1

Answer: B. The accumulation of NADH and inhibition of gluconeogenesis activate fatty acid synthesis in the liver.

Glycogen is released via glycogenolysis and it supplies glucose to the bloodstream. For alcoholic consumers fat accumulate in the liver due to the inhibition of β-oxidation caused by accumulation of NADH and product inhibition of the mitochondrial fatty acid-oxidizing dehydrogenases. Glycogenolysis is the biochemical breakdown of glycogen to glucose whereas glycogenesis is the opposite, the formation of glycogen from glucose. All fatty acid oxidation uses FAD to form FADH₂, but this occurs in the mitochondria and feeds into the electron transport chain, while in peroxisomes the FADH₂ is reoxidised by molecular oxygen producing hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). You might think during beta-oxidation NADH is accumulated and fatty acids are oxidized, but NADH also produced during Acetyl-CoA which is required for fatty acid synthesis.n the fed state, glucose enters hepatocytes via GLUT2 and is phosphorylated by glucokinase and used to synthesize glycogen by glycogen synthase. Then glycogen is converted into fatty acids and stored as fat in adipose tissue. The accumulation of glucose in the liver leads to fatty acid synthesis is also correct but not related to question regarding alcohol consumption.

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