In: Chemistry
Hydrothermal vents are connected to the topic of thermodynamic equilibrium in the following way.
The systems that occur when water is present in a steep geothermal gradient are known as hydrothermal vents.
The well-known examples include the 'geysers' of Yellowstone National Park and the ‘black smokers’ at mid-ocean ridges.
The geothermal energy heats the vent water to high temperatures: in the case of black smokers, the water may be as hot as 350 oC.
These systems are interesting because they support a variety of life that ultimately derives its energy from chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis. Organisms generate energy by taking advantage of thermodynamic disequilibrium between reduced vent water (in equilibrium with the rock beneath the seafloor) and oxidized seawater.
Hence, hydrothermal ocean vents are connected to the topic of thermodynamic equilibrium