Exercises 1–4 1. Explain the difference between an observational and an experimental study. 2. Name and...

Exercises 1–4

1. Explain the difference between an observational and an

experimental study.

2. Name and define the three types of observational studies.

In Exercises 19–22, identify the independent variable and the dependent variable.

19. According to the British Journal of Sports Medicine, a regular 30-minute workout could slash your risk of catching a cold by 43%.

20. The Journal of Behavioral Medicine reported that sharing a hug and holding hands can limit the physical effects of stress such as soaring heart rate and elevated blood pressure.

21. A study was conducted to determine whether when a restaurant server drew a happy face on the check, that would increase the amount of the tip.

22. A study was conducted to determine if the marital status of an individual had any effect on the cause of death of the individual

Solutions

Expert Solution

1.Difference between an observational and an experimental study

Observational study is the one where the researcher collect data based on what they see and hear.These studies have explanatory and response variables. It is good in case of discovering trends and possible relationships.Sample surveys are observational study.

In case of experimental study helps to prove cause and effect relationship.In this type of study the conditions are controlled and manipulated.The conditions are under direct control of the experimenter. An example can be the laboratory experiments.

2.Three types of observational studies

Retrospective : A study that looks into the past is called retrospective
prospective : It looks to the future
cross sectional : surveys the individuals at a specific time

Independent variable is the one which we change and dependent variable is the one that changes because of that.

19.

Independent variable : 30 minute workout

dependent variable : risk of catching cold

20.

Independent variable : hug and holding hands

dependent variable : effects os stress

21.

Independent variable : happy face of restaurant server

dependent variable : amount of tip

22.

Independent variable :marital status

dependent variable : cause of death

jeff jeffy answered 1 year ago

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