Question

1. What factors limit the size of cells? Be sure to list at least two factors.
2. How do cells communicate with other cells? Be sure to detail at least one specific example in detail.
3. What are some examples of prokaryotic cells? What are some examples of eukaryotic cells?
4. In what specific ways to antibiotics affect bacteria?

Answer 1

1. What factors limit the size of cells? Be sure to list at least two factors.

The key factor that limits the size of a cell is the ratio of its surface area to its volume. That is

Surface area to volume ratio (surface area / volume) Nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio.

Fragility of cell membrane.

2. How do cells communicate with other cells? Be sure to detail at least one specific example in detail.

Cell communicates by sending and recieving signals.

For example,  

• Inorder to trigger a response, these signals need to transmitted across the cell membrane.

• Sometimes the signal itself can cross the membrane. Other times the signal done by interacting with receptor proteins that contact both the outside and inside of the cell.

3. What are some examples of prokaryotic cells? What are some examples of eukaryotic cells?

Bacteria, cyanobacteria, mycoplasmas and archaebacteria are the typical representatives of prokaryotic cells.

Example of Prokaryotic cell:

Vibrio cholerae, streptomyces, E. coli, zotobacter vinelandii, Bacillus anthracisanthracis, Clostridium tetanitetani, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Diplococcus pneumoniae, Anabaena azollae, Aulosira fertilissim.

Eukaryotic cells are those which contain double membranous cell organelles such as nucleus, mitochondrion, chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum and golgi bodies. Some examples of eukaryotic cells are:

all organisms from kingdom protista(eg. paramoecium, amoeba), fungi(mushrooms, albugo, yeast), plantae(marchantia, mango, wheat), animalia(pinworm, cockroach, fish, cow, human)

4. In what specific ways to antibiotics affect bacteria?

Many antibiotics, including penicillin, work by attacking the cell wall of bacteria.