Question

1. Describe enzyme regulation: Direct vs Indirect, and each subtype. Describe what the regulatory molecules are, different names to describe each type of regulation (i.e. feedback regulation, allosteric regulation, etc.), and what types of reactions each are (catabolic or anabolic).

Answer 1

Question

Enzymes are known as biocatalyst as they increase the speed of biochemical reaction by lowering the activation energy. The enzyme are regulated in various ways. These regulation are following :

I. By the regulatory molecules : enzyme activity are regulated by the some specific molecules that either increases or decreases the rate of the reaction. The molecules that increases the enzyme activity are known as activator whereas the molecules that decreases the speed of enzymes activity are known as inhibitors.  For example, cofactors are the molecules that increases the rate of enzyme activity.

II. By the presence of some inhibitor : some inhibitor compete directly with substrate to bind with enzyme active sites and some inhibitors compete indirectly with substrate to bind with enzyme active sites.

III. Allosteric regulation: in this type of regulation, inhibitor bind to the sites in enzyme other than its active site.  

IV. Feedback regulation: in this type of regulation, the last product of the reaction bind to the initial substrate and inhibit the rate of reaction.