Renal physiology (select the CORRECT statement) The heart is an endocrine organ that can release hormones...

Renal physiology (select the CORRECT statement)

		The heart is an endocrine organ that can release hormones into the blood that influence the physiology of the kidneys.
		Cells of the macula densa communicate with granular cells through the release of diffusible autocrine factors.
		As part of the fight or flight response, norepinephrine released from sympathetic neurons acts on beta adrenergic receptors to cause vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole.
		Norepinephrine released from sympathetic neurons binds to a cytoplasmic receptor in granular cells to cause the release of renin.

Expert Solution

The heart is an endocrine organ that can release hormones into the blood that influence the physiology of the kidney.

EXPLANATION: The above statement is correct. Heart is considered an endocrine organ as the atrial cordiomyocyres in mammalian heart displays a characteristic which is partly endocrine in nature; it secretes a hormone called Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). ANF acts on the kidney to increase sodium excretion and GFR (Glomerular filtration rate) to antagonise renal vasoconstriction and inhibit rennin secretion from the kidney.

Cells of the macula densa communicate with granular cells through the release of diffusible autocrine factors.

EXPLANATION: The above statement is wrong. Macula densa are a part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus of nephrons and thus forms a part of a feedback mechanism that regulates renal blood flow, GFR and sodium balance. Macula densa signals the granular cells of the Glomerulus to inhibit rennin release by secretion of adenosine or ATP across the basolateral membrane, therefore; secretion of this factor is not autocine as it is not acted upon the same cell rather it is paracrine.

As part of the fight or flight response, norepinephrine released from sympathetic neurons acts on beta adrenergic receptors to cause vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole.

EXPLANATION: The above statement is correct. Norepinephrine is released from the postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system. It is released as a part of the flight and fright response and causes vasoconstriction.

Norepinephrine released from sympathetic neurons binds to a cytoplasmic receptor in granular cells to cause the release of renin.

EXPLANATION: The above statement is wrong. At high concentration of norepinephrine it exerts an inhibitory effect on rennin release which is mediated via stimulation of the alpha adrenergic receptors as the receptor is not cytoplasmic.

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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