Question

1. Define the following:

a. Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

b. Amenorrhea.

c. Menorrhagia.

d. Dysmenorrhea

2. Medical and surgical management for menstrual disorders.

Answer 1

1.

a. Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of PMS that includes physical and behavioural symptoms that usually resolve with the onset of menstruation. The symptoms includes severe irritability, depression, or anxiety in the week or two before your period starts.

b. Amenorrhea.

Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation in one or more missed menstrual periods.

c. Menorrhagia.

Menorrhagia is regular cyclic menstrual periods with abnormally heavy or prolonged bleeding.

d. Dysmenorrhea

Dysmenorrhea means that pain with menstruation or menstrual cramps. There are two types of dysmenorrhea: primary and secondary dysmenorrhea

2. Medical and surgical management for menstrual disorders.

Surgical management

• endometrial ablation

It refers to hysteroscopic procedures where destruction or removal of the endometrium and 5 mm of the superficial myometrium.

• Transcervical resection of endometrium
• Hysterectomy: Removal of uterus

Medical management

• GnRH analogues

It causes a profound inhibition of estrogen and androgen synthesis

Eg: Goserelin, luperelin

• GnRH antagonist

It blocks the pituitary gland from making hormones called follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

Eg: Ganirelix

• Contraceptive pills