Question

Acetylcholine binds to what type of receptor?

a. What does acetylcholinesterase do?

b. What happens if acetylcholinesterase is inhibited (blocked)?

c. Will ACh increase or decrease in the synapse? Increase because once the enzyme is eliminated, Ach will increase in production resulting in more responses

What type of receptors do the following bind to?

a. Epinephrine and norepinephrine

b. Dopamine

c. Serotonin

d. Histamine

i. How does a monoamine oxidase inhibitor work (MAO-I)?

ii. How does a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) work?

Amino acid messengers:

a. What kind of channel does GABA open? Causes an IPSP or EPSP?

b. What kind of channel does glutamate open? Causes an IPSP or EPSP?

Answer 1

Acetylcholine can bibd to  nicotinic and muscarinic. receptors.

a) Acetylcholinesterase is responsible for breaking acetyl choline into acetic acid and choline.

b)  If acetylcholinesterase is unable to breakdown or remove acetylcholine, the muscle can continue to move uncontrollably.

c) Acetylcholine will increase, because there is no enzyme to breakdown acetylcholine.

a)  Epinephrine binds on both alpha and beta receptors, while Norepinephrine only binds on alpha receptors.

b) dopamine can bind to five different dopamine receptors.D1,D2,D3,D4,D5

c) Serotonin binds to Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptors

d) Four types of histamine receptors known as, H1, H2, H3 and H4 receptors.

i) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of one or both monoamine oxidase enzymes, these enzymes are involved in removing the neurotransmitters norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine from the brain. MAOIs prevent this from happening, which makes more of these brain chemicals available to effect changes in both cells and circuits that have been impacted by depression.For example,  lorazepam, a drug used to treat depression is an MAO inhibitor.

ii)  SSRIs block the reabsorption (reuptake) of serotonin into neurons, this increases the level of serotonin in brain, example a drug like  Citalopram (Celexa) used to treat depression

Amino acid messangers

a) There are two classes of GABA receptors: GABA_A and GABA_B. GABA_A receptors are ligand-gated ion channels (also known as ionotropic receptors); whereas GABA_B receptors are G protein-coupled receptors, also called metabotropic receptors

b) Gutamate binds to AMPA receptors, predominately to trigger EPSP