Question

how does shipler evaluate affirmative action programs and why

Answer 1

Shipler evaluates the affirmaive action programs on the basis of the merit of the students belonging to the different races on the basis of their LSAT, SAT and GRE scores. It was analyzed that Hispanic and Black students scored less in these exams as compared to the white students therefore they were denied admission by the law schools and other schools in USA. This has led to affirmative action as it has created racial bias and discrimination among the students belonging to different races and culture. The survey revealed that scores depend upon the annual income of the parents of the students, the higher the income, the higher the score attained by them in these exams. Affirmative action cannot be taken in situations like vacancies for students with low scores with minority status and reservation of seats for women and children. There was racial humiliation and harassment among hispanics and Blacks as they received less scores as compared to the other students belonging to the white background. The job opportunities and other professional assessment does not depend much on the scores as only the educational requirement is the prime focus of these scores. There are other factors like the low socio-economic status of the families and low educational income which affects the scores in families belonging to different races and ethnic background. The scores difference between various communities is decreasing but there is still a wide gap in the mean score level of students belonging to different races and ethnic background. Affirmative action includes the cases in courts against the ruling of the educational institutions or the job companies. These cases are fought in courts for the rights of the citizens belonging to the different races and ethnic background. Minorities with various subjects were not interested in major subjects like Physics, chemistry and mathematics but were oriented towards sociology, social work and public health subjects.