Question

Definition matching

1.Natural selection

2.phylogeny,

3.genetic drift,

4.homology,

5.continuous character,

6.wide sense heritability,

7.discontinuous character,

8.directional selection,

9.cladogenesis,

10.reverse mutation,

11.polymorphic locus,

12.gene flow,

13.population genetics,

14quantitative genetics,

A. Allele movement between populations.

B. Evolution of characteristics to make the organism more suitable.

C. Study the inheritance of polygenic characteristics.

D .It is the evolutionary history

E. Frequency change due to chance.

F. One of the homozygotes is favored.

G. It is due to a common ancestor.

H. When phenotypic variation is attributed to genetic variation.

I. Study the inheritance of one or a few genes in groups of individuals.

J. Selection that favors both homozygotes.

K. Recessive allele changes to dominant.

L. Simple relationship between phenotype and genotype.

M. It favors diversification.

N. Contributory alleles additively contribute to the phenotype

O. Any gene that has more than one allele in the population.

diversifying selection

Answer 1

1.Natural selection: Evolution of characteristic to make the organism more suitable (B).

Natural selection is one of the forces for the evolution of species. It favors the variations and selects the species which are more fit to the environment.

2.Phylogeny: It is the evolutionary history (C).

Phylogeny is the study that provides information about the evolutionary history of species and how they are originated in the past. So, it gives an idea about the relationship between different species and their evolution.

3.Genetic drift: Frequency change due to chance (D).

Genetic drift is also a mechanism of evolution. Certain natural or man-made circumstances cause sudden changes in the frequency of the alleles in a population and results in the evolution of new populations comprised of different alleles.

4.Homology: It is due to the common ancestor (G).

Homology is the study that deals with the similarity between the organisms because of the common ancestry. The species are evolved during the evolution process and have completely different functions.

5.Continuous character: Contributory allele additively contributes to the phenotype (N).

Continuous characters show a range of expression and different alleles have a partial additive effect on their expression. Hight, skin complexion is an example of continuous characters.

6.Wide sense heritability: When phenotypic variation attributed to genetic variation (H).

Heritability is used to measure the variation in phenotypes which is due to genetic variation in a population. Wide -sense and narrow-sense are two types of heritability. Wide-sense heritability is the ratio of genetic and phenotypic variations.

7.Discontinuous character: Simple relationship between phenotype and genotype (L).

These characters are controlled by a small number of alleles.

8.Directional selection: One of the homozygotes favored (F).

It is a mode of natural selection that favors extreme phenotypes (homozygotes) and eliminates the intermediate ones.

9.Cladogenesis: It favors diversification (M).

It is the splitting of species which may be due to environmental changes or the relocation of species in a completely new habitat which results in changes in allele frequencies and evolution of new species.

10.Reverse mutation: Recessive allele changes to dominant (K).

A mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence in the gene. Some times these mutations are at such regions that convert a recessive allele into dominant allele.

11.Polymorphic locus: Any gene that has more than one gene in the population (O).

Locus is the position at which a particular gene is a location. When a single locus is used by more than one allele then it is called polymorphic locus.

12.Gene flow: Allele movement between populations (A).

Gene flow is the transfer of new alleles between populations. It introduces new alleles to other populations.

13.Population genetics: Study of inheritance of one or few genes in the groups of individuals (I).

This study deals with the changes in allele frequencies over the period of time and gives an idea about whether a population is evolving or not depending upon the occurrence of various evolutionary mechanisms.

14.Quantitative genetics: Study the inheritance of polygenic characteristics (C).

It is a branch of population genetics that involve the study of genetic of continuous characters. It quantifies the changes in the allele frequencies.