Question

Voltage sags and swells. The power quality of a transformer

is measured by the quality of the voltage. Two

causes of poor power quality are “sags” and “swells.” A

sag is an unusual dip and a swell is an unusual increase in

the voltage level of a transformer. The power quality of

transformers built in Turkey was investigated in Electrical

Engineering (Vol. 95, 2013). For a sample of 103 transformers

built for heavy industry, the mean number of sags per

week was 353 and the mean number of swells per week

was 184. Assume the standard deviation of the sag distribution

is 30 sags per week and the standard deviation of the

swell distribution is 25 swells per week.

a. For a sag distribution with any shape, what proportion

of transformers will have between 263 and 443 sags per

week? Which rule did you apply and why?

b. For a sag distribution that is mound-shaped and symmetric,

what proportion of transformers will have between

263 and 443 sags per week? Which rule did you

apply and why?

c. For a swell distribution with any shape, what proportion

of transformers will have between 109 and 259 swells

per week? Which rule did you apply and why?

d. For a swell distribution that is mound-shaped and symmetric,

what proportion of transformers will have between

109 and 259 swells per week? Which rule did you

apply and why?

Answer 1

Answer:

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