Question

Discuss at least three symptoms caused by physiologic changes and consequences of GERD and peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Discuss the findings for each disorder, comparing and contrasting symptoms, lab findings, and possible etiologies. Discuss how pharmaceutical treatments are designed to alleviate those symptoms. What are the risks and benefits of these treatments? What are potential drug interactions with these medications?

Answer 1

GERD is a chronic disease condition characterized by episodic back flow of food contents through the esophagus to the mouth of the individual. The pathophysiologic change asssociated with GERD is incompatibility of the esophageal sphincter. The disease condition is characterized by episodes of back flow of food particles in to mouth, heart burn and irritation of the esophagus, severe acidity, acid reflux in to the mouth etc. the condition can be caused due to life style changes and dietary pattern the individual follows. the condition can be diagnosed with history collection, physical examination, X-ray images, endoscopy study etc. The management is mainly based up on use of antacids, medications to reduce the acid level in the stomach , H2 receptor blockers etc. Surgery is the commonly prefereed tretment plan, Nissens Fundoplication is usually performed for patients.

Peptic ulcer disease is a condition caused by H-pylori infection. The condition is pathophysiologically caharacterized by painful ulcers and sores in the lining of the stomach and also in the first part of the duodenum.Some other causes are due to any inflammatory response, over use of NSAIDS etc. The condition is clinically characterized by burning abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, malena etc. The diagnosis of the disease can be made through history collection, physical examination, image studies and test for H-pylorie. The Treatment is mainly foccusing up on the use of combination of drugs such as,Proton pump inhibitors (PPI): These drugs reduce acid level in the stomach, which allows the ulcer to heal well.Histamine receptor blockers (H2 blockers): These drugs also reduce the acid production in stomach and helps in easy healing of the ulcer. Antibiotics: These medications helps to kill and damage the DNA of H-pylorie bacteria. Some Protective medications Like a liquid bandage, are administerd these medications cover the ulcer in a protective layer to prevent further damage caused by digestive acids and enzymes.