Question

Summarize the steps of cellular respiration (glycolysis, TCA cycle and electron-transport chain) identifying the starting material and end product for each stage, where in the cell it takes place, energy requirements and energy yields for each stage, and coenzymes involved in each stage.

Answer 1

Answer =

The steps of cellular respiration (glycolysis, TCA cycle and electron-transport chain) =the process of cellular is completed in three major steps: glycolysis, TCA cyccle and electron-transport chain.

1.Glycolysis = is the catalytic process which converts the glucose into pyruvate.it takes place in cytoplasm.

starting material - Glucose

end product - Pyruvate

energy requirements and energy yields for each stage = energy yields of glycolysis are two molecules of ATP.

coenzymes involved in each stage - NAD+ acts as coenzyme. which converts into NADH.

where in the cell it takes place - it takes place in cytoplasm.

this completed in 10 enzymatic steps catalysed by 10 enzymes.glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvate.

there are production of two molecules of ATP.

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2. TCA cycle =

starting material - acetyl CoA.

end product - Oxaloacetic acid.

where in the cell it takes place - in mitochondria.

energy requirements and energy yields for each stage = two rounds of TCA cycle generates 6NADH, 2 FADH2 and 2 ATP.

coenzymes involved in = coenzymes like as NAD+, FAD and coenzymes Q are reduced.

TCA cycle is the complete oxidation of acetyl -CoA through 8 sequential steps.this process takes place in mitochondrial matrix.the pyruvate undergoes oxidation to produce acetyl- CoA. that enters into citric acid cycle.there is formation of 3 molecules of carbon dioxide.and also synthesis of 6NADH, 2 FADH2 and 2 ATP.

3.electron-transport chain = this is the third and last step of cellular respiration. the NADH and FADH2 which are formed during TCA cycle are enter into electron transport chain.the electrons from NADH and FADH2 are carried by different electron carriers which are present on intermembrane space.the electrons are finally accepted by oxygen to form molecular water.

there is formation of ATP molecules.

Starting material - NADH, FADH2.

end product - Water and ATP.

where in the cell it takes place - mitochondrial matrix.

coenzymes used are - NAD+

FMN

coenzyme Q