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Define Cellular Respiration and Aerobic Respiration.Discuss the process of Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle and The Electron Transport...

Define Cellular Respiration and Aerobic Respiration.Discuss the process of Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle and The Electron Transport Chain. Outline each step in detail.What is the significance of these processes in microbial growth?

Expert Solution

Cellular respiration - A metabolic pathway which breaks down glucose to produce ATP, oxygen is reduced to produce, carbondioxide, water and energy. The stages includes glycolysis, Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.

Aerobic respiration - It is the process of producing energy involving oxygen. Includes glycolysis, citric acid cycle and electron transport system.

Glycolysis - 1. Energy investment phase - Glucose is phosphorylated to glucose 6 phosphate by hexokinase.

2. Splitting phase - Fructose 1, 6 bisphosphateis split into glyceraldehyde 3 - phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate by aldolase.

3. Energy generation phase - Glyceraldehyde 3 - phosphate dehydrogenase converts glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate to 1, 3 - bisphosphoglycerate.

Phosphoglycerate kinase acts on 1,3 - Phosphoglycerate resulting in formation of ATP and 3 phosphoglycerate

3 - phosphoglycerate is converted into 2 - phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase.

By enzyme enolase phosphoenol pyruvate is produced from 2 - phosphoglycerate.

Enzyme pyruvate kinase catalyses phosphate from phosphoenol pyruvate to ADP resulting in ATP.

Krebs cycle -

Citrate is formed by condensation of acetyl Co A and oxaloacetate.

Citrate is isomerized to isocitrate by aconitase.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase catalyses conversion of isocitrate to oxalosuccinate and then to alpha - ketoglutarate.

Alpha ketoglutarate is converted to succinyl Co A.

Succinyl Co A is converted to succinate by succinate thiokinase.

Succinate is oxidized to fumarate by succinate dehydrogenase.

Fumarate converted to malate by fumarase with addition of water.

Malate is converted into oxaloacetate by malate dehydrogenase.

Electron Transport Chain

1. Nicotinamide nucleotides - NAD+ and NADP+

2. Flavoproteins - NADH dehydrogenase.

3. Iron sulfur proteins

4. Coenzyme Q or ubiquinone

5. Cytochromes

gladiator answered 2 hours ago

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