Question

This chapter discusses the different types of research design and you have read about them as well. For this entry, conduct a PubMed search and find two abstracts of studies both using a cross sectional design. The abstracts may be on any topic you chose-and they do not all have to be on the same topic. In your post, include each abstract and write about the distinguishing factors of the design used, and comment on whether or not you feel there was any other way this study could have been designed. In addition comment on next steps for the topic given the findings.

Health Epideomlogy

summarize these two articles in your own word no copying

Abstract one

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30014141

Abstract Two

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30015577

Answer 1

The transversal design receives this name for being a research procedure without continuity in the time axis. It is usually called a prevalence study, since with this design it is possible to estimate the prevalence of the disease. The whole population can be studied, but in essence a representative sample of it is studied at a specific time and place.

In the two publications cited to read and correlate with the theory, in the first of them https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30014141. Association of Self-Regulation with Obesity in Children vs Girls in a National Sample of the United States; we are in the presence of a descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological study, which aims to estimate the magnitude and distribution of a disease or health condition (dependent variable) at a given time, in addition to measuring other characteristics in the individuals of the population, such as the epidemiological variables related to the dimensions of time, place and person (independent variables). And where it was evidenced, that, in that national cohort of American children, there were differences in the pattern of association between self-regulation in a specified time (24 months) months and obesity at the age of 5.5 years; between males and females; which allows us to suggest, establish preventive models focused on combating obesity in this population group, studied.

In the second study, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30015577. Highly acidic pH values ??of carbonated soft drinks, fruit juices, mineral waters and unregulated fluoride levels in oral care products and beverages in India: a public health problem. There we are in the presence of a cross-sectional analytical study. When the objective is to answer a question that raises the search of the association between the characteristics or the factors of exposure with the disease, the risk factors that are called associated factors are estimated. Based on the research question and the proposed theoretical model in which the hypothetical relationships between variables are established, one or several variables considered as exposure factors (independent variables) are studied, with which the disease is intended to be explained (dependent variable). ). Allowing to conclude that, of the variability of dentifrices and dental powders available in India, most brands do not indicate the levels of fluoride in their containers. Likewise, the unregulated acid pH values ??of carbonated sweet drinks not only contribute potentially to the loss of non-decayed teeth, but also contribute to the weight gain observed in Indian adolescents.

In this sense, according to the axes of classification of the epidemiological designs, the future transversal design could be oriented to:

• Perform an observational study, which means that the researcher will only observe the events (illness and exposures - this case obesity) that would occur in people without experiencing or intervening; without assigning randomly subjects in study groups. For example, when studying the consumption of foods high in carbohydrates as a factor whose exposure favors obesity. In an observational study applied to each person included in the sample in a randomized manner, their high or normal diet would be evaluated in carbohydrate-rich foods and normal or obesity.

• Or focused from the point of view of directionality, it is a simultaneous study. The effect may be the disease or a health condition, while the exposure variables may be characteristic of people who are measured at the same time or a well-defined period (applicable to the second study presented, for example, measuring at the same time The relationship between the use of toothpastes, as an exposure, could be evaluated by asking people the question "How many times a day brush your teeth?",.