Question

1. A current IV drug use patient develops endocarditis. Which type of pathogens is most likely the cause of this infection?

A) GM+ cocci

B) Candidas

C) GM- bacilli

D) Pseudomonas

2. What is the most common pathogen for pyelonephritis? (An upper UTI infection)

A) E. Coli

B) Nisseria gonorrhea

C) MRSA

D) Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) bacteria

3. What is the main benefit for intermitten chemotherapy?

A. It is more cost effective

B. It allows patient to receive chemo treatment at home

C. The successive dosing reduces cancer cell resistance

D. Allow host cells to recover and reduce injury after each dose

4. What are two examples of clinical consequences of AIDS?

A) Decreased adaptive immunity resulting in loss of fever response

B) Virus inhibits bone marrow function resulting in pancytopenia

C) Severe loss of macrophages and natural killer cells as shown by CD4 count < 200

D) Prone to severe, systemic fungal infection that is normally suppressed by healthy immune system

Answer 1

Answers

Q1: Answer is option A- GM+ cocci

  Option A is the right answer because 80% of endocarditis is caused by bacteria streptococci and staphylococci. Endocarditis is the inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium. This occurs due to the overgrowth of the bacteria. It will travel through the bloodstream to the heart, multiply, and will cause inflammation.

Q2: Answer is option A – E.coli

Option A is the correct one because Escherichia Coli is the common pathogen in pyelonephritis. Pyelonephritis is the inflammation of the kidneys which occurs due to the presence of a bacterial infection. E.coli is the bacteria that will cause pyelonephritis.

Q3: Answer is option D- Allow host cells to recover and reduce injury after each dose

  Option D is the correct answer because in intermittent chemotherapy there is a treatment break of 45 days without any cytotoxic agent followed by the resumption of the same agent. This intermittent chemotherapy will allow the host to recover and reduce injury after each dose during this period.

Q4: Answer is option B- Virus inhibits bone marrow function resulting in pancytopenia

  Option B is the right answer because the HIV infection will lead to anemia as a result of the direct involvement of the bone marrow. This will results in tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, pneumocystosis, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which will infiltrate the bone marrow, resulting in pancytopenia.