13. An old woman falls in the bathroom and hits the back of her head. Over...

13. An old woman falls in the bathroom and hits the back of her head. Over the next 24
hours, she becomes increasingly somnolent. A head scan shows an accumulation of fluid
below the dura, compressing the brain. Which of the following terms best describes this
collection of fluid?
a. Hematoma
b. Purpura
c. Congestion
d. Petechia
e. Ecchymosis
14. A young girl cuts to the sole of her foot after stepping on a piece of broken glass. On
examination, there is a superficial injury that stops to bleed in 5 minutes after
application of local pressure. Which of the following substances is most likely to limit
thrombus formation to the local area of injury by inhibiting platelet activation?
a. Phospholipid
b. Platelet-activating factor
c. Prostacyclin
d. Tissue-type plasminogen activator
e. Thrombomodulin
15. A 30 year old woman who works as a bank accountant notices at the end of her shift
that her lower legs and feet are swollen, although there was no swelling at the start of
the day. There is no pain or redness associated with this swelling. The woman is
otherwise healthy and takes no medications and has normal liver and renal function.
Which of the following mechanisms best explains this swelling?
a. Increased hydrostatic pressure
b. Lymphatic obstruction
c. Secondary aldosteronism
d. Hypoalbuminemia
e. Excessive water intake

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