Question

Please write major ( 4) Physical changes, that occur in the human body in old age-related to the following systems in the first column, and write (4) health problems that occur as a result of physiological changes, (4) nursing interventions and (4) ways of evaluating them (4).

Answer 1

Old-age realted changes	Health problems	Nursing Interventions	Ways to evaluate them
1. Bladder control and constipation	Side effects like chronic health diseases and not eating well balanced diet	Maintaining a healthy weight, eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly along with medications like Antacids containing calcium or aluminum, Calcium supplements, NSAIDS, oral iron supplements and anti histamines	Dietary controls, regulators for daily nutrition, Periodical Microvitamins deficiency checkups- BMI, Body fluid diagnostics etc.
2. Oral health problems	Cavities, tooth decay, dry mouth, gum disease and mouth cancer	Mechanial plaque removal(arthritis patients), denture care, Chlorhexidine rinse	The Plaque Index, Gingival Index
3. Sensory impairments	Cataract, macular degeneration,glaucoma,Dual sensory impairment, Hearing loss	Amplification and implant technologies, Hearing assistive devices, AR program	Vision assistive devices, Lighting- dimmers and incandescent lighting to be used
4. Cognitive health	Alzheimer’s disease, Dementia, side effects include: substance abuse, diabetes, hypertension, depression etc.	No cure but treatment plans include psychoeducational and/or psychosocial interventions.	Depression and memory improvement, Memory training

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