Question

1. Define each of the following and tell why it is important in epidemiology:

Mortality Rate

Morbidity Rate

Notifiable infectious disease

2. Outline the concept of HERD IMMUNITY and explain how it played a role in the Spanish Flu Pandemic of 1918.

Answer 1

Mortality Rate- can be defined as the Disease-specific mortality is the number of deaths , that occur due to a given disease per time. It is important in epidemiology:- beacuse it have a major importance, periodically to calculate mortality rates. The monitoring mortality rate useful to public health and also control the disease effect. Now it is mandatory to calculate mortality rate, in almost all countries.

Morbidity Rate:- Throgh The morbidity rate we can determine the frequency or proportion with which a disease appears in a population. Morbidity doesn't necessarily mean that ill-health is immediately life-threatening.

Morbidity rates are important, in actuarial professions, such as health insurance, life insurance, and long-term care insurance to determine the premiums to charge to customers.

Herd immunity means that how much our immune system is strong enough to prevents the disease causing organisms. The highest capability of immune system to make antibodies against the germ causing the infection inside of you- refers herd immunity.

Researchers may be able to treat the virus by targeting the host's immune system.HERD IMMUNITY played a role in the Spanish Flu Pandemic, described as below:- it had been observe that - when lung cells are infected by the virus then several genes were activated, due to the immune response. Those genes are related to programmed cell death, which occurs when the body kills off infected cells to stave off an infection.

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