Question

Describe the etiology of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and identify EIGHT associated symptoms by clearly relating them to the early stage and late stage of the disease respectively

Answer 1

Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome with disordered metabolism and inappropriate hyperglycemia due to either a deficiency of insulin secretion or to a combination of insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion to compensate.

Type 2 diabetes develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin or when the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin. Exactly why this happens is unknown, although genetics and environmental factors, such as being overweight and inactive, seem to be contributing factors

Second-Generation Antipsychotics (SGAs) Newer SGAs, also known as “atypical antipsychotics,” may increase the risk of hyperglycemia or type 2 diabetes. In particular, olanzapine and clozapine are most likely to increase the risk of diabetes when used in people with schizophrenia.

The body does not produce enough or respond normally to insulin, causing blood sugar (glucose) levels to be abnormally high. Urination and thirst are increased, and people may lose weight even if they are not trying to.

Complications

• Cardiovascular disease.

• Nerve damage (neuropathy).

• Kidney damage (nephropathy).

• Eye damage (retinopathy).

• Foot damage.

• Skin conditions.

• Hearing impairment.

• Alzheimer's disease.

Symptoms:

Signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes often develop slowly. In fact, you can have type 2 diabetes for years and not know it. Look for:

• Increased thirst
• Frequent urination
• Increased hunger
• Unintended weight loss
• Fatigue
• Blurred vision
• Slow-healing sores
• Frequent infections
• Areas of darkened skin, usually in the armpits and neck

Type 2 diabetes causes a person’s blood sugar levels to become too high. Recognizing the early signs and symptoms of this chronic condition can result in a person getting treatment sooner, which reduces the risk of severe complications.

People with prediabetes have higher-than-normal blood sugar levels, but doctors do not consider them to have diabetes yet. People with prediabetes often develop type 2 diabetes within 5 years if they do not get treatment.

The onset of type 2 diabetes can be gradual, and symptoms can be mild during the early stages. As a result, many people may not realize that they have this condition.

While high blood sugar is dangerous, end-stage diabetics are much more sensitive to the damages caused by low blood sugar.

• Changes in personality, such as anxiety and irritability.

• Sweating, trembling or heart palpitations.

• Excessive hunger.