Question

1989                1990                1991                1992                1993

Smokers 11.36%            11.25 %           11.41 %           11.49 %         11.84 %

NonSmokers 6.02%              6.14 %             6.36 %             6.35 %             6.56 %

The data above shows a much higher incidence of low birth weight babies from mothers who smoke. This finding is likely to be a reliable one because

a) everyone knows that smoking is a bad thing.

b) the smokers rate of low birth weight is twice that of the non-smokers.

c) the pattern of differences occurs reliably over each of 5 years.

d) there is a general increase in low birth weight over the years.

On a recent fundraising drive, most of the 30 volunteers raised between $10 and $50 each. However, Brian and Karen each raised over $100. Which of the following is true?

a) The amounts of money raised by Brian and Karen are outliers.

b) The data would best be represented three-dimensionally.

c) The data appear negatively skewed.

d) The data should be represented on a back-to-back stem-and-leaf display.

e) Brian and Karen are cheaters.

Answer 1

Answer 1.

Here is list of babies birth weight for smokers and non smokers.

	Year
	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993
Smokers %	11.36	11.25	11.41	11.49	11.84
Non Smokers %	6.02	6.14	6.36	6.35	6.56
Smokers % - Non Smokers %	5.34	5.11	5.05	5.14	5.28

Here is line graph showing under weight babies birth rate.

Above chart indicates that the pattern of differences occurs over each of 5 years. Hence its answer is (c) option.

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Answer 2.

It is given that most of the 30 volunteers raised funds between $10 to $50. However, Brian and Karen each raised $100.

This indicates that the fund raised by Brian and Karen ( $100) is very far from fund range raised by most of volunteers ( between $10 to $50). So it indicate that the money raised by Brian and Karen of $100 is outliers. Hence the correct answer is (a) .