Question

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No HANDWRITING

Reproductive System

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Discuss PID in terms of the below specifications listed below.

1-Pathophysiology

2-Etiology

3-Signs and Symptoms

4-Diagnostic Tests

5-Treatments

Answer 1

PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE (PID)

DEFINITION

Pelvic inflammatory disease is defined asan inflammatory disorder which incudes any combinations of endometritis,salpingitis,tubo-ovarian abscess and pelvic peritonitis.

ETIOLOGY

1. Multiple sexual partners
2. Untreated reproductive tract infections
3. Insertion of IUD
4. History of gonorrhea or chlamydia
5. Adolecence
6. Polygamy
7. Inadequate immunity status
8. Increased number of sexual contact with the single partner or freequency of intercourse
9. Douching

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Due to any etiological factors the micro organisam will enter into the vaginal region. It will move towards the cervix and penetrate into the uterus which infects the ovaries and fallopian tube. And it will spread all over the pelvic cavity causes pelvic inflammatory disease.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

• Pain during intercourse
• Fever
• Nausea nad vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Back pain
• Abnormal vaginal discharge with bad odour
• An abnorma bleeding

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

History collection

When collecting the history ask the patient regarding

• the sexual history including number of parners
• usage of any method of birth control
• previous history of PID
• History of any STDs

physical examination

Pelvic examination will reveal the pain, tenderness and swelling.

Blood examination

• Increased WBC cound indicates infection
• Elevated ESR
• Elevated C- reactive protein (CRP)

Endocervical swab test

It will help to identify the type of micro organism caused this disease.

Ultra sonography

It will reveal the collection of the fluid in the pelvic cavity.

Laprocsopy

It will give a look into the pelvic organ.

Endometrial biopsy

A samll sample of endometrial tissue will be sent to the lab to test the signs of infection and inflammation.

TREATMENT

Medical management

• Administer antibiotics eg: Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM / day
• Administration of analgesics
• Administer antiviral
• Removal of IUD

Surgical management

• Salphingo - oopherectomy
• hystorectomy
• Laprocopy

Nursing management

• Advice the patient about the Temporary abstinence
• Administer medications as per the doctor's order
• Provide psychological support
• Check the vital signs
• Check for any complications