free energy changed also depends on concentration. for gases, how is G related to the pressure for gases? what are standard standard pressures for gases and standard concentrations for solutes? how do you calculate ∆G for a reaction at nonstandard conditions? the equation to determine ∆G at nonstandard conditions has Q in it: what is Q? S reaction is spontaneous as long as ∆G is neg; that is, reactions always proceed as long as the products have a lower free energy than the reactants. what is so special about equilibrium? why don't reactions move away from equilibrium?

Enzyme X is a highly pigmented protein that imparts the characteristic color to certain blue-green algae. It also facilitates a reaction necessary to the survival of this species; we can follow the kinetics of this reaction by measuring the conversion of Substance X to Substance Y at various times during purification.

Given a pure preparation of these algae, and the required supplies and equipment, devise and outline an empirical procedure for purifying Enzyme X.

What is a good indication of purity in your preparation?

The outline of steps to purify Enzyme X should include detail of what the technique is, why that technique is needed, and what the result will be. The reader needs to have enough information so as to be able to do the experiment. Treat the assignment as one that demonstrates your knowledge of biochemical techniques in protein purification.

As for the length of this assignment, you are describing a protocol; therefore, you need to provide the necessary information for the reader to be able to know how, why, and what, as well as the potential outcomes of the steps and the end result.

Describe a chemical test that could be used to distinguish between pent-1-ene and pentane.

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Explain, using equations, the following steps in the free-radical mechanism of the reaction of methane with chlorine.

•        Initiation

•        Propagation

•        Termination

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What is the difference between UV-vis fluorescence and UV absorption (please be detailed with your response and explain the correlation between the two as well as their distinct properties)?

what is the theoretical yield for the reaction between 1-hexene and Hbr? .5mL of 1-hexene used, and 5mL of 1.8M HBr.

What is the theoretical yield for the reaction between 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene and HBr? .5mL of 3,3-dimethyl1-butene used, and 5mL of 1.8M HBr.

How many grams of each product result from the following reactions, AND how many grams of each reactant is left over? (Shntould be three amounts left over for each equation)

1) ( 1.3 g NaCl)+( 3.2 g AgNO3)→(xgAgCl)+(ygNaNO3)

2) ( 2.63 g BaCl2)+( 6.76 g H2SO4)→(xgBaSO4)+(ygH

In the blood plasma, pH is maintained by the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system. Explain how pH is maintained when (a) acid is added to the buffer system, (b) base is added to the buffer system?

1.) Electron Spin Quantum Number

What values can this number have? What information does it provide? (Be complete in your answer.)

if the liquid did not completely vaporize in the experiment would the apparent molecular weight by larger, smaller or unchanged compared to that determined if the experiment had been properly performed?

For carbon-14, calculate the mass defect and the binding energy. Please explain to me where you get the numbers from.

The hydroxide ion has the formula OH?. The solubility-product constants for three generic hydroxides are given here.

What is the purpose of the experiements determining the dissociation constant of a weak acid using ph measurement and monitoring acid-base titrations with a ph meter? We combined both experiements together into one, just not understand the purpose of the experiment.

Broadband-decoupled CNMR spectra for three compounds with the molecular formula C3H8O are shown in Figure 23.15 (Mohrig 4th ed). Deduce the structure of each compound, estimate the chemical shift of each of its carbon atoms using the additive parameters in Table 23.3 and 23.4, and assin the NMR signals to their respective carbon atoms. The measured chemical shifts of the carbon atoms follow. (a) 10.2, 25.8,64.4 ppm, (b) 25.3, 64.2 ppm, (c) 15.0, 58.2, and 67.9 ppm