ASAP

Wittig Reaction using 9-anhraldehyde and triphosphorane

1. What is the isomer product? Why is it only produced in small amounts

2. Show the steps and mechanisms in which a ylide comes from triphosphorane.

Use the Activity Series (Silberberg) to predict whether each of the following reactions will occur spontaneously (yes or no):
a) Mn²⁺ (aq) + Co (s) --> Mn (s) + Co²⁺ (aq)
b) 3 Zn (s) + 2 Cr³⁺ (aq) --> 3 Zn²⁺ (aq) + 2 Cr (s)
c) Ba²⁺ (aq) +2 Li (s) --> Ba (s) + 2 Li⁺ (aq)
d) Hg²⁺ (aq) + Cd (s) --> Hg (l) + Cd²⁺ (aq)
e) Ca (s) + 2 K⁺ (aq) --> Ca²⁺ (aq) + 2 K (s)
f) Ni²⁺ (aq) + Mg (s) --> Ni (s) + Mg²⁺ (aq)

For each of these reactions, calculate the overall cell voltage, (using Append D Silberberg) and compare this quantitative prediction with the qualitative Activity Series predictions (spontaneous or not) listed above.

A 130.0 mL sample of a solution that is 0.0126 M in NiCl2 is mixed with a 190.0 mL sample of a solution that is 0.400 M in NH3.

-After the solution reaches equilibrium, what concentration of Ni2+(aq) remains?

The value of Kf for Ni(NH3)62+ is 2.0×108.

The triprotic acid H3A has ionization constants of Ka1 = 1.6× 10–3, Ka2 = 2.4× 10–9, and Ka3 = 6.4× 10–11.

Calculate the following values for a 0.0800 M solution of NaH₂A.

[H⁺] = M

[H₂A^-]/[H₃A] =   

Calculate the following values for a 0.0800M solution of Na₂HA.

[H⁺] = M

[HA^2-]/[H₂A^-] =

This is all the information this problem comes with

Hint:

Consider H2A– to be the intermediate form of a diprotic acid, surrounded by H3A and HA2–. Consider HA2– to be the intermediate form of a diprotic acid, surrounded by HA– and A3–. Use the equations for [H ] associated with the intermediate form in a diprotic system.

2) True or False (If statement is false, correct it so that it is true) a) Polymers make up an exciting class of biomaterials. Polyethylene is a wonderful example of a simple ceramic that can be used in multiple applications by modifying its chemical structure. It tends to be bioactive when used by itself as an implant, but it becomes even more bioactive when 10 vol% Calcium Carbonate is added to it. Teflon can be used as a vascular graft material due to its low coefficient of friction. This is achieved because C atoms are replaced by F atoms in its structure. Collagen is the premiere polymer that is produced in our bodies. There are about 15 types of collagen and this polysaccharide is very important in bone matrix formation and tissues and organs. b) A vacancy is a point defect that occurs when an atom is missing from a lattice position. A perfect metal crystal would exhibit ductile behavior. Amorphous crystals have long range order which can be measured by x-ray diffraction. X-ray crystal structure determination and the iridescent colors in nacre, butterfly wings, and beetle exoskeletons are caused by similar phenomena that involves the transmission of visible light. Metals tend to be harder than polymers, ceramics tend to be stronger than polymers, and metals tend to be harder than ceramics. Diamond is a unique material that exhibits metallic bonding. One of its more unusual features is that although it has a very high electrical conductivity, it is a poor conductor of heat. c) H bonding is a very important bond type in biological materials such as water and DNA. H bonding is responsible for the anomalous freezing behavior of water in which its density increases when it transforms from liquid to solid. It also plays a role in explaining why Geckos are able to cling to and run across atomically smooth surfaces. d) The microstructure of a metal sample that has been cooled from a melt would contain very large crystal grains on the interior and very small crystal grains on the exterior surface. This would be caused by differences in the heating rate where the exterior cools more slowly than the interior. e) The (100) plane physically intersects the Y and Z axes and it is perpendicular to the (010) plane and parallel to the (020) plane.

My daily water/fliud intake is usually 6 cups of water, a cup of lemon juice and a small can of soft drink (cola). How does this compare with recommended values? What factors need to be considered in deciding how much water must be consumed?

What is the frequency of radiation whose wavelength is 5.2×10⁻⁵ m ?

Express your answer using two significant figures.

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Part B

What is the wavelength of radiation that has a frequency of 2.8×10⁸ s−1 ?

Express your answer using two significant figures.

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Part C

Would the radiations with a wavelength 5.2×10⁻⁵ m or a frequency of 2.8×10⁸ s−1 be detected by an X-ray detector?

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Part D

What distance does electromagnetic radiation travel in 10.9 fs ?

Express your answer using three significant figures.

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Calculate the pH of the buffers prepared in the following ways:

A. By mixing 50.00 mL of 0.200 M ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3, with 25.00 mL 0.200 M NaOH

B. By neutralizing half of the acid in 100.00 mL of 0.200 M ammonium nitrate solution with 1.0 M NaOH

C. By mixing 60.00 mL of 0.400 M sodium formate (NaCHOO) with 40.00 mL 0.360 M HCl

D. By mixing 80.00 mL of 1.00 M NH3 with 40.00 mL of 1.00 M HCl

E. By mixing equal volumes of 1.00 M NH3 and 0.50 M HCl

from an analysis of IR spectrum of dimedone , is it possible to determine the keto/enol ratio? How can one do this ? Describe two other methods to distinguish between the keto-and enol-forms in organic chemistry.

The following reaction reaches equilibrium at 350 degree C and 2 bar, with an equilibrium constant K = 3.7064 at these conditions: C H subscript 3 C H O space left parenthesis g right parenthesis space plus space H subscript 2 space left parenthesis g right parenthesis space rightwards arrow space C subscript 2 H subscript 5 O H space left parenthesis g right parenthesis If the system initially contains 1 mol of H2 and 1 mol of acetaldehyde, what is the extent of reaction? Assume ideal gases. Give your answer to 2 decimal places.

Construct a Born-Haber cycle for the formation of the hypothetical compound NaCl2 where the sodium ion has a 2+ charge (the 1st and 2nd ionization energies for sodium are 496 KJ/mol and 4562 KJ/mol respectively).

(a) How large would the lattice energy need to be for the formation of NaCl2 to be exothermic

(b) If we were to estimate the lattice energy of NaCl2 to be roughly equal to that of MgCl2 (2326 KJ/mol), what value would you obtain for the standard enthalpy of formation (delta)H*f(formation), of NaCl2?

Although the d electrons in many transition metal compounds may not be involved directly in bond formation, they nevertheless exert a considerable influence on structure. Explain.

The oxides MnO. FeO, CoO and NiO all have the cubic rock salt structure with octahedral coordination of the cations. The structure of CuO is different and contains grossly distorted CuO₆ octahedra. Explain.

Gaseous ammonia can be injected into the exhaust stream of a coal-burning power plant to reduce the pollutant NO to N2 according to the following reaction: 4NH3(g)+4NO(g)+O2(g)→4N2(g)+6H2O(g) Suppose that the exhaust stream of a power plant has a flow rate of 335 L/s at a temperature of 955 K, and that the exhaust contains a partial pressure of NO of 22.8 torr .What should be the flow rate of ammonia delivered at 750 torr and 298 K into the stream to react completely with the NO if the ammonia is 64.8% pure (by volume)

1. Using your determined value of K_sp, calculate how many milligrams of Ag₂CrO₄ will dissolve in 10.0 mL of H₂O.

K_sp=8.26*10^-11.

2. Use your K_sp and show, by calculation, that Ag₂CrO₄ should precipitate when 5mL of 0.004M AgNO₃ are added to 5mL of 0.0024M K₂CrO₄.

K_sp=8.26*10^-11

Please show work on both.