Energetics. We have learned that all metabolic pathways must be thermodynamically downhill. How can the citric acid cycle work even though the ∆G°’ of the last reaction is > 0? Explain the relevance, if any, of the order in which endergonic and exergonic steps occur within a metabolic pathway.

1) Dichlorine monoxide is a powerful oxidizing agent that is used to bleach wood pulp and to treat municipal water supplies. It is made by the reaction

SO2(g) + 2Cl2(g) SOCl2(g) + Cl2O(g)

If you put SO2 in a flask so that its pressure is 125 mm Hg at 22°C, and if you add Cl2 gas to this same flask, what should the Cl2 partial pressure be in order to have the correct stoichiometric ratio of SO2 to Cl2?

2) Continuing Question 1 above… if you react 0.235 g SO2 with a stoichiometric amount of Cl2, what is the total pressure of the reaction products in a 250. mL flask at a temperature of 85°C after both reactants have been used up?

Imagine that you are in chemistry lab and need to make 1.00 L of a solution with a pH of 2.60.

You have in front of you

100 mL of 7.00×10⁻²M HCl,

100 mL of 5.00×10⁻²M NaOH, and

plenty of distilled water.

You start to add HCl to a beaker of water when someone asks you a question. When you return to your dilution, you accidentally grab the wrong cylinder and add some NaOH. Once you realize your error, you assess the situation. You have 84.0 mL of HCl and 87.0 mL of NaOH left in their original containers.

Assuming the final solution will be diluted to 1.00 L , how much more HCl should you add to achieve the desired pH?

The IR spectrum of HCN shows 3 absorption bands at 3312 cm^-1, 2089 cm ^-1, and 712cm^-1. From this info alone can you deduce whether HCN is linear or not? Explain.

10ml of cyclohexnol to cyclohexene

10ml of cyclohexnol X 0.96g/ml =9.6g

9.6X1mole/100=

convert using the MV 82g/1

and count the precent yeild ?

Calculate the energy difference for a transition in the Paschen series for a transition from the higher energy shell n=5.

Express your answer to four significant figures and include the appropriate units.

Consider the isotopes of oxygen ¹⁶O and ¹⁸O. These form three diatomic molecules: ¹⁶O¹⁶O, ¹⁶O¹⁸O, and ¹⁸O¹⁸O.

(a) What are the relative average translational kinetic energies for these three diatomic molecules at 25◦ ?

(b) Describe and compare their Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distributions, and write the f(v) equation for each.

(c) ¹⁶O with isotopic mass 15.994 g/mol is much more common than ¹⁸O with isotopic mass 17.999 g/mol, so it is safe to neglect ¹⁸O¹⁸O. You have a mixture of ¹⁶O¹⁶O and ¹⁶O¹⁸O that is 99.80% ¹⁶O¹⁶O and would like to enrich it by gaseous diffusion to be 99.98% ¹⁶O¹⁶O. How many gaseous diffusion stages are required?

For the system SO3 ( g) ⇔ SO2 (g ) + 1 2 O2 ( g) at 1000 K, K = 0.45. Sulfur trioxide, originally at 1.00 atm pressure, partially dissociates to SO2 and O2 at 1000 K. what is its partial pressure at equilibrium?

1) For NMR, what are o2p and o1p?

2) How does one determine the correct values for these parameters?

1. Determine the enthalpy for this reaction:

2NaOH(s)+CO2(g) Na2CO3(s)+H2O(l)

2. Consider the reaction

Na2CO3(s)Na2O(s)+CO2(g)

with enthalpy of reaction

Hrxn=321.5kJ/mol

What is the enthalpy of formation of Na2O(s)?

Express your answer in kilojoules per mole to one decimal place.

Describe the difference between a "homolytic bond dissociation energy" and a "heterolytic bond dissociation energy". In most cases, for a given type of chemical bond, the homolytic bond dissociation energy is less than the heterolytic bond dissociation energy. Explain.