Question

1. Describe and explain the difference between the PNS and ANS. Be specific and complete with your answer.

2. What is the difference between a CVA and TIA? What are some of the signs and symptoms of each condition? What treatment methods are used for each of these conditions?

Answer 1

1. PNS (Peripheral nervous system ) , consists of nerves , ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord.  

The main function of the PNS is to connect the CNS to the limbs and organs .

ANS ( autonomic nervous system ) occurs involuntarily without conscious control. It is the part of PNS .

ANS which conducts impulses from the brain and spinal cord to smooth muscle tissue , to cardiac muscle tissue of the heart and to glands .

2. Cerebrovascular accident is also called stroke.  

CVA occurs due to blockage or the rupture of a blood vessel , blood flow to the part of brain is stopped.

TIA ( Transient ischemic attack ) shows symptoms which is similar to stroke for a short period that usually lasts only a few minutes and doesn't cause permanent damage. It is also called as ministroke.

# Signs and symptoms of CVA

Difficulty in walking , speaking .

Loss of balance and coordination .

Blurred vision .

Dizziness

Paralysis or numbness in the face , leg , arm or just one side of the body .

# signs and symptoms of TIA

Weakness on one side of the body , Vision problems ,

Slurred speech which are resolved within 24 hours.

Treatment methods of CVA:

An iv injection of tPA , tissue plasminogen activator is the standard treatment.  

This injection will be given within first three hours

Treatment methods of TIA :

Anticoagulants such as aspirin , clopidogrel, plavix .

Surgery : Carotid endarterectomy , it clears carotid arteries of fatty deposits before another TIA