Question

The Musculoskeletal System

1. A community nurse is managing the care of an older adult. In an attempt to maximize the patient’s musculoskeletal health and minimize the risk of physical injury, the nurse is preparing educational information to be delivered at the next home visit.

1. What areas of concern should the nurse include in the patient’s information regarding osteoporosis?
2. What areas should be discussed to best address risk reduction and health promotion strategies to reduce musculoskeletal injuries and disease?

2. A worker comes to the pain clinic following a back injury at work while lifting a heavy object. He is complaining of low back pain and leg pain. The nurse practitioner is suspecting a herniated disc.

1. What are possible causes of low back and leg pain?
2. What assessment findings would confirm the possibility of a herniated disc?

_{Cranial Nerves:}

1. A nurse is about to conduct a physical assessment of an 82-year-old patient.  

What questions should the nurse ask to determine the best approach to this examination based on the patient’s physical and emotional needs?

2.Assessment of the eyes will primarily focus on which cranial nerves?

Assessing Older Adults

1. A nurse is about to create a teaching plan for an older adult patient that focuses on health promotion and risk reduction.

a. Which areas of health promotion and counseling are specific to the older adult?

b. Which screening tools are appropriate in the assessment of older adults?

Answer 1

Musculoskeletal system

1?Information on osteoporosis to old age

As age increases the risk for osteoporosis is also increasing. So mainly for prevention of osteoporosis focuses on behavior modification and pharmacological intervention. Health education should cover the areas, such as

?maintaining balanced diet: increase calcium intake, vital D intake. It is main for prevention of osteoporosis. Decrease salt intake.

?Exercise: Good exercise are needed for prevention of osteoporosis.

?Lifestyle changes: sholud stop the smoking a, alcholism, caffeine intake.

So these are the main areas , nurse should focus.

?Risk reduction and health promotion strategies to reduce musculoskeletal disease and injuries.

Musculoskeletal disease can prevent mainly by balanced diet, exercise, life style habits,, and by reducing the accident, injuries and trauma.

Main risk factors : High intensity forces, prolonged heavy load handling, unfavorable posture for long time, application of vibration, muscular inactivity etc.

Other

Risk factors can reduce by: Adjusting bed, raised toilet seats, shower chair, etc.

Health promotion can promote by avoiding these risk factors.

2.?possible causes of lower back pain and leg pain

?muscle strain, sciatica( compression of sciatic nurve), arthritis,

?assessment findings should confirm herniated disc.

CT scan: it shows ruptured disc

MRI:Visualize internal structures.

Xray

Myelogram:visualise pressure on spinal cord or nerves.

Nerve conduction study

Electromyography.

Cranial nerve

1.?In case of old age, the health assessment totally different compares to younger. So here olgvage may suffers from various health problems, like vision , memory, hearing loss etc. So the question vcan ask like this

What you feel now?

Are you able to see me or hearing me?

Do you have any health issues right now?

What feeling do you have in your mind? Are you feeling happy or sad?

Do you have any issue from your home, or family members?

How your financial needs satisfying?

How was your life from last 1year?

What is most sad &happiest feeling do you have in your life.

By like this question somewhat idea will get. Other examination nurse should do. The nurse sholud clarify patients answer from caregivers also.

2.?cranial nerve || ( optic nerve) is the nurve used for vision test primarily.

Assessing older adults

1.

a. Areas cover on health promotion and risk reduction in old age.

Balanced diet: good nutrition is important to old age to improve health status.

Exercise; minimum body activities are needed for maintain a good health.

Routine health check up: routine health check up is essential.

Maintain a safe environment: risk reducing environment is essential in olg age people's home.

Protection from communicable disease: because they have less immunity, protection from communicable disease is very important.

Emotional, social, support: support from others is very essential for old cage, because they are like kids sometimes mentally.

b. Screening tools for older parents.

Main screening tools in old ages are katz ADL, and Kawton IADL

ADL: it shows independence of activities of daily living

IADL: it shows instrumental activities of daily living. That means how person do activities in social lifelife independently.