Question

3. In a recent article “Air Pollution and Infant Mortality: Evidence from the Expansion of Natural Gas Infrastructure,” Cesur, Tekin, and Ulker (2017) conclude the following:

“Natural gas has emerged as an increasingly attractive source of energy since it is highly efficient, abundant, and cleaner than any other fossil fuel. In this paper, we examine the impact of widespread adoption of natural gas (instead of coal) for space heating as a source of fuel on infant mortality in Turkey, using variation across provinces and over time in the intensity of natural gas utilization. Our estimates indicate that the expansion of natural gas infrastructure has resulted in a significant decrease in air pollution levels (i.e., particulate matter counts) and the rate of infant mortality. Specifically, a one-percentage point increase in natural gas intensity - measured by the rate of subscriptions to natural gas services - would cause the infant mortality rate to decrease by 3.9 percent, which would translate into approximately 340 infant lives saved in 2011 alone.” Based on these results, graphically explain how imposing stringent air pollution standards in developing countries (e.g., Brazil, China, India, and Mexico) would affect health production. (Hint: use a health production function).

Answer 1

Imposing stringent air pollution standard in developing countries would affect by many ways. china, india, brazil and mexico total population is equivalent to world is around 40%. these 4 country population are around 40% of the world. so imposing stringent air pollution standard are necessary to apply on those country. by imposing stringent air pollution standard these countries we can reduce more amount of air pollutant and save more life of all animal, human being, environments. in china and india are have more numbers of deaths caused by outdoor air pollution.The most important health effects, in terms of economic damages that can be assigned monetary values, are premature mortality and increased incidence of chronic heart and lung disease. The air pollutants that have shown the strongest association with premature mortality and heart and lung disease are PM and airborne lead. Air pollutants have been associated with hospital admissions,respiratory infections, asthma attacks, restricted activity days.

by Imposing stringent air pollution standard we can reduce the diseases of heart and lung and save more lives.