Question

1. Explain how the antimicrobial bacteria are made

2. Medication to kill bacteria are produced to target a component in the bacterial cell.

List these targets

3. List 5 different classes of medication in microbials (bacterial, fungus and/or viruses) and explain the mechanism of action.

4. Find if these 5 medication are effective or not on these 3 bacteria. Please give a yay or nay.

1- Ecoli.

2- Mycobacterium smegmatis.

3- Staphylociccus Saprophyticus.

Medication

1- Chloramphenicol

2- Ethromycin

3-Penicillin G

4-Streptomycin

5- Tetracycline

Answer 1

Antibiotic production can be grouped into three methods: natural, semi-synthetic, and synthetic.

Natural antibiotics are made by other organisms such as fungi and other bacteria. They are grown in huge colonies with the help of fermentation process where the source microorganism is grown in large containers (100,000–150,000 liters or more) containing a liquid growth medium.

Synthetic antibiotic are made completely in the lab.

Semi-synthetic antibiotics naturally occurring antibiotics is combined with additional amino acids or groups to slightly change an enhance antibiotics in the lab to create a new type.

There are three main antibiotic targets in bacteria:

1. The cell wall or membranes that surrounds the bacterial cell

2. The machineries that make the nucleic acids DNA and RNA

3. The machinery that produce proteins (the ribosome and associated proteins)

5 different classes of medication in microbials

Fluoroquinolones: blocks DNA replication via inhibition of DNA gyrase

Cephalosporins : disrupts the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacteria

Penicillins   : interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis

Aminoglycosides: inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis

Vancomycin :  bactericidal and inhibitor of cell wall synthesis

1- Ecoli.

1 Chloramphenicol - yay

2- Ethromycin - nay

3-Penicillin G - yay

4-Streptomycin - yay

5- Tetracycline - nay

2- Mycobacterium smegmatis.

1 Chloramphenicol - yay

2- Ethromycin - nay

3-Penicillin G- nay

4-Streptomycin -yay

5- Tetracycline - nay

3- Staphylociccus Saprophyticus.

1 Chloramphenicol -nay

2- Ethromycin - yay

3-Penicillin G - yay

4-Streptomycin - yay

5- Tetracycline - yay