Question

describe the procrssses of extracting ATP from carbohydrates, fat and protein

Answer 1

Process of extracting ATP from Fat:

Extracting of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from fat involves the following steps. First,triglycerides that are separated from the fatty acids.Glycerol that be converted into Pyruvate and can be broken down to produce small quantity of energy. To enter into citric acid cycle beta oxidation break fatty acids chains to two carbon links to form acetyl CoA. NADH and NADH2 can be formed by beta oxidation and citric acid cycle which carry pair of electrons to the electro transport chain where energy and water are formed. Complete breakdown of one mole of triglyceride can produce water,CO2 and more energy compared to the breakdown of one glucose.

Process of extracting of ATP from carbohydrates:

The metabolism of carbohydrates to produce energy by several steps.Six carbon glucose molecule can break down into two pyruvate molecules by glycolysis.Each pyruvate losses one carbon and combine with co enzyme A and to form acetyl CoA that can enter into citric acid cycle.The two carbons enter into citric acid cycle in place of CoA and two carbon molecule can come out as part of carbon dioxide molecule. Because two acetyl CoA molecule form one glucose molecule.Finally NADH and NADH2 formed in these pathway to carry pair of electrons to the electron transport chain where ATP formed. When oxidized each glucose molecule will produce water,ATP and carbon dioxide.

Process of extracting of ATP from proteins:

To extract ATP from proteins, The process of deamination remove the amino groups leaving behind the carbons.The liver convert the amino acids into urea and transfer to the kidney for elimination.The carbon skeleton structure determine when or where it enter in to the catabolic pathway.Carbon molecules skeleton become pyruvate and acetyl CoA when other compound are at intermediate stage in citric acid cycle.Complete breakdown of proteins can produce ATP,urea,Carbon dioxide and water.