Question

Step 1	You work for Thunderduck Custom Tables Inc. This is the first month of operations. The company designs and manufactures specialty tables. Each table is specially customized for the customer. This month, you have been asked to develop and manufacture two new tables for customers. You will design and build the tables. This is a no nail, no screw, and no glue manufacturing ( no indirect materials used). You will be keeping track of the costs incurred to manufacture the tables using Job #1 Cost Sheet and Job #2 Cost Sheet.
	The cost of the direct materials that can be used to manufacture the table are as follows. These cost are on a per unit basis.
		Table Top	$1,400.00
		Table Leg	$400.00
		Drawer	$340.00
	The company uses a job order costing system and applies manufacturing overhead to jobs based on direct labor hours.
	The company estimates that there will be 12 direct labor hours worked during the month.
	The estimated manufacturing overhead cost for the month is:
	a.	Factory supervisor salary per month	$4,500.00
	b.	Rent for the factory per month	$900.00
	c.	Depreciation of factory equipment per month	$600.00
		Total Estimated manufacturing overhead	$6,000.00
	What is the predetermined manufacturing overhead rate?
Step 2	The first order you received was to manufacture a table using a table top and four legs. This is your Job #1.
Step 3	The customer that has ordered Job #2, wants a table that is the same as Job #1, but wants to also add a drawer to the table.
Step 4	The following is a list of transactions that need to be recorded for the company for activity in the month of December. Record those in the "General Journal" tab of the excel file using the proper format. Please use the following accounts: Accounts Receivables, Raw materials, Work in process, Finished goods, Accumulated depreciation, Accounts payable, Salaries and wages payable, Sales revenue, Manufacturing overhead, Cost of goods sold, Salaries and wages expense, Advertising expenses, and Depreciation expense.
1-Dec	Raw Materials purchased on account, $14,000.
5-Dec	All Raw Materials needed for Job #1 were requisitioned from the material storage for use during the month. Assume all materials are direct. (After you journalize this entry please enter the information into Job #1 Cost Sheet)
10-Dec	The following employee costs were incurred but not paid during the month:
	There are three assembly employees that spend 2 hours each, $20 per hour to make the table for Job #1. (After you journalize this entry please enter the information into Job #1 Cost Sheet)
	Salary for supervisor of the factory $5,000.
	Administrative Salary $2,000.
15-Dec	All Raw Materials needed for Job #2 were requisitioned from the material storage for use during the month. Assume all materials are direct. (After you journalize this entry please enter the information into Job #2 Cost Sheet)
16-Dec	Rent for the month of December for the factory building incurred but not paid $900.
17-Dec	Advertising costs incurred but not paid for the month was $1,400.
20-Dec	Depreciation for the month of December was recorded on equipment was $750 ($150 for equipment used in the factory and the remainder for equipment used in selling and administrative activities).
22-Dec	Manufacturing overhead cost was applied based on direct labor hours to Job #1 based on the POHR determined on the "Job Cost Sheet". (After you journalize this entry please enter the information into Job #1 Cost Sheet)
26-Dec	Job #1 was completed and transferred to Finished Goods during the month.
28-Dec	The completed table from Job #1 was sold on account to the customer for $19,000 during the month. (Hint: Make sure to account for the cost of the table that was sold using the cost from the job cost sheet.)
31-Dec	Direct labor cost incurred but not paid for three employees to start manufacturing Job #2. The employees only worked one hour each, three hours total, $20 per hour during the month and they did not complete their work on the job. (After you journalize this entry please enter the information into Job #2 Cost Sheet)
31-Dec	Manufacturing overhead cost was applied based on direct labor hours to Job #2 based on the POHR. Only three direct labor hours were worked on Job #2 during the month. (After you journalize this entry please enter the information into Job #2 Cost Sheet)
31-Dec	Any underapplied or overapplied overhead for the month was closed out to Cost of Goods Sold.
Step 5	Post the journal entries that you recorded on the "General Journal" tab to the "T-accounts" tab. This is the company's first month of business, so there will not be any beginning balances. Compute the balance for each T-account after all of the entries have been posted.
Step 6	Prepare a Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured and a Schedule of Cost of Goods Sold on the "Schedule of COGM and COGS" tab for Job #1 and Job #2 that were worked on during the month by the company. Make sure to follow the format noted in your book (pg. 87). (Hint: This is the company's first month of operations and therefore the beginning balances will be zero.)
Step 7	Prepare an Income Statement for the month using the Traditional Format on the "Income Statement" tab.
Step 8	Answer the additional questions below
	Check Figure: Cost of Goods Manufactured= $6,120, Net operating income=$7,330
	What is the ending balance for raw materials?
	What is the ending balance for work in process?
	What is the ending balance for finished goods?
	What is the actual manufacturing overhead cost incurred during December before adjustment?
	What is the total applied manufacturing overhead cost during December before adjustment?
	What is the unadjusted cost of goods sold?
	Was the manufacturing overhead for the month of December overapplied/underapplied ?
	What is the amount of Manufacturing overhead overapplied/underapplied?
	What is the adjusted cost of goods sold?
	What is gross margin?
	What is the total prime cost for Job#1?
	What is the total conversion cost for job #1?
	What is the total product cost for job#1?
	What was the period cost incurred for the month of December?
	What is the total variable cost incurred for Job #1(assume that all selling and administrative cost and all manufacturing overhead costs are fixed.)?
	What is the contribution margin for Job #1 (assume that all selling and administrative cost and all manufacturing overhead costs are fixed.)?
	What would be the actual (not applied) total fixed manufacturing overhead cost incurred for the company for the month if the order in Job #1 is for five tables instead of one table assuming this cost is with in the relevant range?

Answer 1

Job costing, generally, means a specific accounting methodology used to track the expense of creating a unique product. Due to the fact that certain projects, such as construction, require different operations, accountants use this methodology to trace the expenses of each job in order to use this information for analysis and tax needs. Job costing forms have spaces to include direct labor, direct materials, and overhead.

Costs stay in the work-in-process account throughout the job. When the job is finally completed, they are transferred to the finished goods account. By using this method, accountants can make sense of complicated jobs which are moving towards the process of completion.

Indirect costs, like overhead, are applied as a fraction of direct costs. This is usually done in one of two ways: an association with labor hours or using activity based costing. This way, either through use of labor or certain tools, overhead will not be left out of the equation and a company can make sure to cover all essential costs using job costing.

Industries which produce products as jobs use this method. This includes job costing for construction, but goes much farther than just this. Shipping, auditing, maintenance and repair, installation, and any industry which creates products unique to each need. In this situation, job costing is often the most efficient method.

Job Costing Example

For example, Roy was once the curator of a large museum in the United States. Connecting with the science community on many levels, he has enjoyed his career. After some time, Roy decided he would make a career change. He has since started a company which provides maintenance work on historical works which reside in museums.

Roy has all the connections he needs for this business: other curators, archaeologists, and the entire community in his rolodex. After a little effort, he was able to connect with the people who perform this work. Roy will take the role of salesperson, but he needed to hire a team to perform operations. Roy is quite successful. His one concern, an area of ignorance for him, is how the bookkeeping will take place. So he hires an accountant, sets a meeting, and begins to learn about how his business will overcome this need.

The Most Efficient Accounting Methodology

The accountant shares that job costing will be, probably, the most efficient accountingmethodology. Roy can keep track of the costs for each of his contracts by implementing this type of accounting. He will be able to find which items take more or less time to maintain. Additionally, he can make sure to create company profits by adding a marginon top of his costs. By using a job costing software, bookkeepers can run the system quite smoothly.

Roy can rest at ease with this accounting method. Knowing he can rely on his accountant, Roy begins to contact prospect customers and former peers. He has confidence that his business will be a success. He looks forward to gaining his first customer.

materials are direct. (After you journalize this entry please enter the information into Job #1 Cost Sheet)
10-Dec	The following employee costs were incurred but not paid during the month:
	There are three assembly employees that spend 2 hours each, $20 per hour to make the table for Job #1. (After you journalize this entry please enter the information into Job #1 Cost Sheet)
	Salary for supervisor of the factory $5,000.
	Administrative Salary $2,000.
15-Dec	All Raw Materials needed for Job #2 were requisitioned from the material storage for use during the month. Assume all materials are direct. (After you journalize this entry please enter the information into Job #2 Cost Sheet)
16-Dec	Rent for the month of December for the factory building incurred but not paid $900.