Question

In: Biology

Compare and contrast the CELL MEMBRANE of gram-positive and gram-negative cells.Be sure to include function, structure,...

Compare and contrast the CELL MEMBRANE of gram-positive and gram-negative cells.Be sure to include function, structure, and characteristiques in your answer.

Solutions

Expert Solution

Cell membrane or cytoplasmic membrane is present immediately beneath the cell wall.

Structure: Approximately 7.5 nm thick and is composed of of phospholipids (about 20 - 30%) and proteins (60 - 70%). The phospholipid form a bilayer in which most of the proteins are tenaciously held (integral proteins). Other proteins are loosely attached (peripheral proteins). The lipid matrix of the membrane has fluidity, allowing the components to move around laterally. The phospholipids are phosphoglycerides, in which straight-chain fatty acids are ester-linked to glycerol.

Characteristics and function: The cytoplasmic membrane is a hydrophobic barrier to penetration by most water-soluble molecule. The cytoplasmic membrane also contains various enzymes involved in respiratory metabolism and in synthesis of capsular or cell-wall components. Because of its impermeability to protons (hydrogen ions), the cytoplasmic membrane is the site of genaration, of protonmotive force that is, the force that drives ATP synthesis, certain nutrient transport systems, and flagellar motility.

Gram negative bacteria contain an extra layer of cells called outer membrane or Lipopolsaccharide layer which surrounds the thin peptidoglycan layer, whereas Lipopolsaccharide layer is absent in Gram positive bacteria.

Spheroplasts: Gram negative bacteria with intact cytoplasmic membrane of the protoplast and the outer membrane (LPS layer) of the cell wall , after peptidoglycan layer is destroyed by lysozyme or its synthesis inhibited by antibiotics.

Protoplasts: Cells whose walls have been completely remove and are incapable of normal growth and division. These are prapared for gram positive bacteria by treating the cells with lysozyme which selectively dissolves cell wall.


Related Solutions

Compare and contrast gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including cell wall and flagella structure. (ESSAY)
Compare and contrast gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including cell wall and flagella structure. (ESSAY)
Describe the structure of the cell envelope of a gram-positive bacteria and compare it with that...
Describe the structure of the cell envelope of a gram-positive bacteria and compare it with that of a gram-negative bacteria. Give detailed answer.
1) Create a chart that compares and contrasts the structure of gram-positive and gram-negative cell walls....
1) Create a chart that compares and contrasts the structure of gram-positive and gram-negative cell walls. 2) Gram negative bacteria are considered more harmful than gram positive bacteria.What are the two reasons that contribute to this situation due to the unique characteristic of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria? (Minimum length : 150 words)
What are the differences in cell envelope structure between gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria? How might these...
What are the differences in cell envelope structure between gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria? How might these differences become important if you wish to genetically engineer bacteria to excrete proteins into the extracellular fluid?
Describe the outer membrane of a gram negative cell and the important of the O polysaccharide...
Describe the outer membrane of a gram negative cell and the important of the O polysaccharide and the Lipid A endotoxin List 6 differences between the cell walls of gram-positive and gram negative bacteria
For each type of cell wall in bacteria (gram positive vs. gram negative ) describe the...
For each type of cell wall in bacteria (gram positive vs. gram negative ) describe the unique components present in each and list how each layer of the cell wall is connected together ( what molecules accomplish this)?
Compare and contrast properties of conjugation in Gram-negative bacteria and Firmicutes
Compare and contrast properties of conjugation in Gram-negative bacteria and Firmicutes
Explain the differences between Gram positive bacteria wall and Gram negative bacteria cell wall.
Explain the differences between Gram positive bacteria wall and Gram negative bacteria cell wall.
Describe the difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial cell walls. Explain which stains bind to gram...
Describe the difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial cell walls. Explain which stains bind to gram positive and which ones bind to gram negative cells. Which of these bacteria is more susceptible to antibiotics and why?
List the major molecules that make up typical Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell walls and note which...
List the major molecules that make up typical Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell walls and note which molecules are unique to each type of cell wall. How do these molecules contribute to the functions of the cell wall?
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT