Question

In: Biology

Explain how the translation of an open reading frame in TrpL mRNA in the presence or...

Explain how the translation of an open reading frame in TrpL mRNA in the presence or absence of tryptophan affects the formation of a terminator stem-loop.

Solutions

Expert Solution

The leader sequence encodes a short polypeptide and also contains an attenuator sequence. The attenuator does not encode a polypeptide, but when transcribed into mRNA, it has self-complementary sections and can form various hairpin structures.

The polypeptide encoded by the leader is short, just 14 amino acids long, and it includes two tryptophan (Trp) residues. The tryptophans are important because:

  • If there is plenty of tryptophan, the ribosome won't have to wait long for a tryptophan-carrying tRNA, and will rapidly finish the leader polypeptide.

  • If there is little tryptophan, the ribosome will stall at the Trp codons (waiting for a Trp-carrying tRNA) and will be slow to finish the translation of the leader.

  • If the ribosome translates slowly, it will pause, and its pausing causes formation of the antiterminator (non-terminating hairpin). This hairpin prevents the formation of the terminator and allows transcription to continue.

  • If the ribosome translates quickly, it will fall off the mRNA after translating the leader peptide. This allows the terminator hairpin and an associated hairpin to form, making RNA polymerase detach and ending transcription.

gladiator answered 1 year ago
Next > < Previous

Related Solutions

how a single reading frame can contain multiple open reading frames? Differentiate an open reading frame...
how a single reading frame can contain multiple open reading frames? Differentiate an open reading frame from a reading frame.
A.  Suppose that the sequence below was the open reading frame of a gene. It’s not the...
A.  Suppose that the sequence below was the open reading frame of a gene. It’s not the entire mRNA molecule, just the protein coding sequence and in this case the first three bases is the start codon. The sequence is given as DNA sense strand because DNA is where mutations happen.   5’-ATGTCTAAACTGCGTGAGTAA-3’ i.  Give the sequence of the polypeptide it encodes. Make sure to mark the carboxyl and amino terminal ends. ii.   Give a mutant version of the second codon that has...
which of the following is not involved in the initiation of translation in bacteria a- mRNA...
which of the following is not involved in the initiation of translation in bacteria a- mRNA b- tRNA carrying N-formylmethionine that will occupy the P site c- GTP and initiation factors d- small and large ribosomal subunits e- tRNA carrying the next amino acid that will occupy the A site
2.) Consider the following RNA sequence, which represents the beginning of an open reading frame: 5’-AUGGGACUAGAUACC-3’....
2.) Consider the following RNA sequence, which represents the beginning of an open reading frame: 5’-AUGGGACUAGAUACC-3’. Examine each of the sequences below, describe the change to the sequence, and state whether it represents a silent, missense, nonsense, or frameshift mutation. If frameshift, be sure to include the consequences of the frameshift (nonsense or massive missense). Use the codon table. a) 5’-AUGGGUCUAGAUACC-3’ b) 5’-AUGCGACUAGAUACC-3’ c) 5’-AUGGGACUAGUUACC-3’ d) 5’AUGGGACUAAGAUACC-3’ 3. Using a couple of sentences each, describe the function of each of...
Ribosomes provide the scaffolding on which tRNAs interact with mRNA during translation of an mRNA sequence to a chain of amino acids.
Part A -tRNA interactions with mRNA and the ribosome Ribosomes provide the scaffolding on which tRNAs interact with mRNA during translation of an mRNA sequence to a chain of amino acids. A ribosome has three binding sites, each of which has a distinct function in the tRNA-mRNA interactions. Drag the appropriate tRNAs to the binding sites on the ribosome to show the configuration immediately before new peptide bond forms. Note that one of the binding sites should be left empty.
Which of the following is required for efficient translation of an mRNA? Choose all that apply....
Which of the following is required for efficient translation of an mRNA? Choose all that apply. Group of answer choices A strong promoter A poly A tail A Kozak consensus sequence A signal sequence A 5' cap
The “reading frame hypothesis” can explain the difference in phenotype between Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies...
The “reading frame hypothesis” can explain the difference in phenotype between Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD and BMD respectively), diseases which are both caused by mutations affecting the gene encoding the protein dystrophin. How has our understanding of the molecular bases of these two diseases led to development of molecular therapies for DMD using antisense oligonucleotides to modulate dystrophin RNA splicing, and involving a mechanism of so-called exon skipping? (min 500words)
What is the enzyme that is responsible for synthesizing proteins by “reading” mRNA? a. Where on...
What is the enzyme that is responsible for synthesizing proteins by “reading” mRNA? a. Where on the RNA does this enzyme start?
Using the amino acid translation chart on the following page, provide the mRNA, Codons, Anticodons, and...
Using the amino acid translation chart on the following page, provide the mRNA, Codons, Anticodons, and amino acid chain for the following DNA strand. DNA: C T A C G G A C C T A T A C G C A A C  A T C G G mRNA: Codon: Anitcodon: Amino Acids:
You’re working with an mRNA transcript and want to characterize precisely where initiation of translation starts...
You’re working with an mRNA transcript and want to characterize precisely where initiation of translation starts and where RNA binding proteins interact. Explain the experimental approach you’ll take to do this.
ADVERTISEMENT
Subjects
ADVERTISEMENT
Latest Questions
ADVERTISEMENT