Question

1-outline the steps in the digestion, absorption, and transport fats. 2-describe how an excess of carbohydrate, protien and fat can contribute to body fat stories 3-describe the nutritional concerns of pregnancy with respect to energy, protein, vitamine and minirals Expert Answer

Answer 1

• Fats are first emulsified with the bilesalts produced by the liver in the small intestine.During emulsification the fats are converted to small droplets ao it becomes easy for the enzymes to act .
• Lipases produced by the pancreas acts on these emulsified fats and breaks the ester bonds. and there by converting them to small absorbable forms
• These short chain fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed by the lacteals in the lining of the small intestine .
• Then they are transported along with the lymph till it is poures in the blood stream .

2)

• Consumption of excess calories than required by the body leads to the storage of excess calories in the form of fat .First they are stored as glycogen reserves in muscle and liver .
• If these reserves are filled up then the excess calories are stored as fat in the fat cells or adipocytes.
• This process takes place by either denovo lipogenesis ie creation of fat from non fat sources or indirectly through insulin.

3) During pregnancy body goes through numerous physical and hormonal needs.So it is important to nourish the body which plays a significant role in protecting both the mother and the child.

Recommended daily dietary allowances for pregnant and lactating women

Nutrient	Non-Pregnant	Pregnant*	Lactation*
Vitamin A (?g/d)	700	770	1300
Vitamin D (?g/d)	5	15	15
Vitamin E (mg/d)	15	15	19
Vitamin K (?g/d)	90	90	90
Folate (?g/d)	400	600	500
Niacin (mg/d)	14	18	17
Riboflavin (mg/d)	1.1	1.4	1.6
Thiamin (mg/d)	1.1	1.4	1.4
Vitamin B6 (mg/d)	1.3	1.9	2
Vitamin B12 (?g/d)	2.4	2.6	2.8
Vitamin C (mg/d)	75	85	120
Calcium (mg/d)	1,000	1,000	1,000
Iron (mg/d)	18	27	9
Phosphorus (mg/d)	700	700	700
Selenium (?g/d)	55	60	70
Zinc (mg/d)	8	11	12