Question

1.Includes a summary of the conditions with definition, signs and symptoms and treatment

2. Place the conditions by a system in alphabetical order

Liquids and electrolytes
1 hypervolemia
2. Hypovolemia
3. Hypernatremia
4. Hyponatremia
5. Hyperkalemia
6. Hypokalemia
7. Hypercalcemia
8. Hypocalcemia

Immunology
1. AIDS

Cancer
1 leukemia
2. Hodgkin
3. Myeloma
4. Lymphoma

Answer 1

Q. 1.Includes a summary of a condition With definitions, signs and symptoms and treatment.

Q. 2.place the conditions by a system in alphabetical order

Liquids and electrolytes

1.hypervolemia

Summary :Hypervolemia follows irritant absorption. BP and central pressures increase but plateau within 15 minutes.

Definition :A condition in which the liquid portion of the blood is too high. It is caused by failure of the heart, kidney or liver or by high-salt diet.

Signs and symptoms :weight gain, water retention in the body, swellingyin extremities ,shortness o breath.

Treatment :medications such as diuretics, and low salt diet, renal replacement therapy and dialysis.

2.Hypovolemia

Summary :Hypovolemia refers to a medical or surgical condition in which rapid fluid loss results in multiple organ failure due to inadequate circulating volume.

Definition :A condition in which the liquid portion of blood is too low.

Signs and symptoms :vomiting weakness, fatigue, dizziness, dehydration, low blood pressure, fast heart rate, insufficient urine production, sleepiness.

Treatment :Intravenous fluids, blood transfusion.

Immunology

1.AIDS

Summary:AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. HIV attacks and destroys the infection fighting CD4cells of the immune system. It difficult for the body to fight off infections.

Definition :HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) causes AIDS and interferes with the body's ability to fight infections.it can be transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen or vaginal fluids.

Signs and symptoms :within few weeks of HIV infection flu like symptoms such as fever, sore throat and fatigue,AIDS symptoms include weight loss, fever, night sweats and recurrent infections, diarrhoea, vomiting, pneumonia, oral thrush, swollen lymph nodes.

Treatment:No cure for AIDS but antiretroviral regimens can slow the diseases progress as well as prevent secondary infections and complications.

Cancer

1.leukemia

Ans:summary:cancer can affect red blood cells and platelets leukaemia refers to cancer of the white blood cells.

Definition :It is a malignant progressive disease in which bone marrow produce increased numbers of abnormal leucocytes .these suppress the production of normal blood cells, leading to anemia and other symptoms.

Signs and symptoms :pain in the joints ,dizziness, fatigue, fever, loss of appetite, bleeding, frequent infections, nose bleeding, Red spots on the skin, shortness of breath, swollen lymph nodes, weakness.

Treatment :treatment depends on the severity

For slow growing leukaemias treatment include monitoring

For aggressive leukaemias it includes chemotherapy sometimes followed by radiation and stem-cell transplant.

2.Hodgkin:

Summary :Hodgkin is a type of lymphoma.Lymphoma is a cancer of a part of the immune system called the lymph system. The first sign is the enlarged lymph node.

Definition :Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of lymphoma in which cancer originates from a specific type of white blood cells called lymphocytes.

Signs and symptoms :Lymph nodes in the neck, armpits or groin may swell. Fatigue, fever, itching, night sweats, swollen lymph nodes and weight loss.

Treatment :treatment include chemotherapy, radiation and in rare cases stem-cell transplant.

3.Myeloma:

Summary :multiple myeloma is a cancer of the plasma cells in bone marrow. In this condition too many plasma cells are made. This causes overcrowding in the bone marrow, which prevents adequate number of normal blood cells forming.

Definition :The plasma cells are type of white blood cells in the bone marrow. Becomes cancerous and multiplies. The disease can damage the bones, immune system, kidneys and red blood cell count.

Signs and symptoms :Symptoms may be non specific, such as loss of appetite, pain in the back or bones, anemia, constipation, fatigue, hypercalcemia, increased risk of infection, kidney damage, weight loss.

Treatment :treatment include medication, chemotherapy, corticosteroids, radiation or stem-cell transplant, autotransplantation.

4.Lymphoma:

Summary :Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system. It is part of immune system. It collects and destroys invading organisms such as bacteria and virus and abnormal cells. It protects the body from infections and disease.

Definition :The lymphatic system is the body's disease fighting network. It includes the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland and bone marrow. The main type of lymphoma are Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-hodgkins lymphoma.

Signs and symptoms : include enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue ,shortness of breath, loss of appetite, weight loss.

Treatment:treatment depends on the stage it includes chemotherapy, medication, radiation therapy and rarely stem-cell transplant.