Question

Congestive Heart Failure

Identify pharmacologic agents for diuresis to reduce preload. Identify positive inotropes.   Identify phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Describe the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors. Describe the mechanism of action of Human B-type natriuretic peptide. Describe the mechanism of action of Angiotensin II-receptor blockers.   Which of these agents is the most commonly used for left sided heart failure? Right sided heart failure?   You may use narrative writing or a table to answer these questions.

Answer 1

Diuretics reduce the preload are Loop diuretics used in this for a better result.

POSITIVE IONOTROPES.

It si used in congestive cardiac failure to reduce the ejection fraction.,For exampleDigoxin,Calcium,Berberine.

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors - These drugs inhibit phosphodiesterase enzymes,break the phosphate groups and decrease the cAMP target cells.

Example-Sildenafil,vardenafil

MECHANISM OF ACTION.

Human B-type natriuretic peptide- It decreases the systemic vascular resistance and central venous preassure and an increase in natriuresis.It results in reduced blood preassure as a result of reduced vascular resistance and afeter load.

Angiotensin II-receptor blockers-These drugs are used to for the prevention of action of angiotensin 2 from binding the angiotensin receptors on the muscle and blood vessels.Because of this blood vessels vasodilate and blood preassure decreases.

Left side heart failure -

• Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers.
• Diuretics
• Iontotropes
• Digoxin

Right side heart failure

• Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers
• Diuertics
• Ionotropes.
• Diuretics.Digoxin
• Aldosterone antagonsist
• Beta blockers.