In: Economics
The question says that the oil extraction and consumption both starts to decline after reaching the peak point. This implies that both demand (consumption) and supply (extraction) starts decling.
The decline in both demand and supply can be analysed using three cases:
1. Decrease in demand = decrease in supply. In this case, the demand and supply curves will shift backwards in equal proportions. Due to this, the price level will stay the same.
2. Decrease in demand is higher than decrease in supply: In this case, the price level will decline. This is because the decrease in demand being higher will not put a pressure on the price level.
3. Decrease in supply is higher than decrease in demand: In this case, the net effect is that demand will be higher than the supply after the reduction. Due to this, there will be pressure on prices.