Question

Name and define each trophic level in an ecosystem and cite an example for each level, using the following terms: producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer, decomposer, herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, autotroph, and heterotroph.

In two sentences differentiate between density-dependent and density-independent forces and their impact on population size.

What are the key differences between the three types of survivorship curves (Type I, Type II and Type III); give one example of an organism that exhibits each pattern and state in a sentence for each what traits inform you that it exhibits that strategy.

State seven ways humans make an impact on the environment through population size and/or the ecological footprint of its citizens.

Answer 1

The four levels in trophic system are
The producers are Plants that carry out photosynthesis to convert suns energy into energy or glucose that will be used by consumer in the below level for example primary, secondary etc.
The primary consumers are organisms that consume or eat plants form each producer they eat. These kind of organisms are most of the time are herbivores.
The secondary consumer get energy from eating each primary consumer, they are mostly carnivores and omnivores.
The tertiary consumers are at the top of the food pyramid and almost every food cycles end with this organism. They eat secondary consumer.

The density-dependent factors were that depend or rely on the population density, factors whose effects on the population vary or change depending on the density of population. These can include how much of food, competition, among species, predation, parasitism, diseases environment is available.

The density-independent are not dependent on population density, while they affect species regardless of how much dense the population is. These can include natural disasters or calamity floods, drought, even human activities. Or stuff.
Survivorship curves Type I,
Type of curve is a highly or mostly convex curve. The type of survivorship as well as the rate of survival of individuals is high in an early and middle age while it goes on decreasing as the individual progresses or move into old Age. It has humans (basically all mammals) and rotifers ‘
Type II
The type of survivorship and the rate of survival of the particular individuals remains the same throughout their lives. Aves, birds, mice, show this either slightly sigmoid or concave curve.
TYPEIII
In type Tithe of survivorship, the survival rate is quite low in the early ages of that individuals and increases steadily later in their lives period.
, oysters, shellfish, insects, oak trees show this type of survivorship curve.

Doing 2013 the world-average ecological footprint was 2.8 global hectares per person.

. Ecological foot print or carbon foot print has increased due to industrilization, housing, urbanization.
Ecological footprint is the impact of human activities that is measured in terms of the area/land /space of biologically productive land or land on which something can be grown and water needed to produce the goods consumed and to assimilate or use the wastes generated in the process.

Ways humans make an impact on the environment through population size:

The human activities destroy the natural environment on earth on which all life depends on.
The human urbanization introduces vicious or huge competition for human living space. Or housing
Increasing human population eventually destroys certain or almost all species, animal and vegetation with no ability or means to restart them.
Humans consume excess of natural resources, petrol, gas minerals without any ability to or any new chance to get them back or restore them again.
Increasing industrialization
Increasing population and greed for money and power
Uneducated population and underdeveloped countries have increases level of population density.