Question

4. Discuss ALL of the energy transfers that occur for the two basic types of membrane transport—passive and active—and how the two are related to each other. Be very specific.

2. Compare and contrast the different types of membrane proteins that you could find in a lipid bilayer, including a description of the physical properties of the proteins that allow them to be maintained in their membrane position.

Answer 1

4.The active yransport is the movement of substances across the membrane using energy from ATP.In active transport sollute is moved against electrochemical agent so that transport proteins involved consumes metabolic energy,using ATP.In primary ative transport the hydrolysis of energy takes place to transport proteins are ATPase enzymes., the transporters utilize chemical bbond energy from hydrolysis of termal phosphate of ATP. The energy goes into producing conformal changes in transporter to convey the solute uphill against its concentration gradient across the membrane.where hydrolysis of energy provider is indirect in secondary active transport.Passive transport is movement of substances across the membrane without using expenditure of cellular energy.so solute reaches equillibrium across the membrane.It can be simple passive where they dissolve through lipid bilayer.

2.Different typesof membrane proteins in lipid bilayer are integral membrane protein ,peripheral membrne protein,lipid anchored proteins.integral membrane protein is permenently anchored or part of membrane. They are also known as transmembrane proteins whivch have different orientations of membrane spanning segments.Peripheral membrane protein is only temporarly attached to lipid layer .